Isometric handgrip does not elicit cardiovascular overload or post-exercise hypotension in hypertensive older women

Figures & data

Table 1 Sample characteristics

Parameters
Anthropometric parameters
Weight (kg)	68 ± 3
Height (cm)	157 ± 2
BMI (kg/cm^2)	27 ± 1
Hemodynamic parameters
HR (bpm)	72 ± 6
SBP (mmHg)	121 ± 7
DBP (mmHg)	72 ± 6
MAP (mmHg)	88 ± 5
RPP (bpm * mmHg)	8874 ± 888
Medicine
β-blocker	75%
ACE inhibitor	83%
Angiotensin II antagonist receptor	50%
Diuretic	58%
Calcium channel blocker	50%

Note: Values expressed as the mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise specified.

Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting-enzyme; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RPP, rate-pressure product; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Table 2 Maximal voluntary contraction parameters

	Control	Right arm	Left arm
Maximal voluntary contraction (kg)	–	25 ± 3	24 ± 4
Hemodynamic parameters
HR (bpm)	74 ± 5	72 ± 1	71 ± 1
SBP (mmHg)	122 ± 7	126 ± 1	126 ± 3
DBP (mmHg)	74 ± 3	78 ± 1	77 ± 2
MAP (mmHg)	90 ± 5	94 ± 1	93 ± 2
RPP (mmHg * bpm)	9028 ± 275	9063 ± 235	8945 ± 279

Note: Values expressed as the mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RPP, rate-pressure product; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Table 3 Hemodynamic parameters at control condition and 30% and 50% of maximal voluntary contraction

	SBP (mmHg)			DBP(mmHg)			MAP (mmHg)			HR (bpm)			RPP (bpm * mmHg)
	Control	30%	50%	Control	30%	50%	Control	30%	50%	Control	30%	50%	Control	30%	50%
Rest	121 ± 13	121 ± 10	120 ± 7	76 ± 12	74 ± 9	72 ± 8	91 ± 11	90 ± 8	88 ± 7	72 ± 9	77 ± 11	74 ± 11	8681 ± I486	9261 ± 1096	8874 ± 1256
Exercise peak	121 ± 12	127 ± 14	125 ± 11	76 ± 11	76 ± 6	78 ± 7	91 ± 11	93 ± 7	94 ± 7	72 ± 8	75 ± 10	72 ± 11	8749 ± 1374	9553 ± 1331	8973 ± 1481
5 min	120 ± 12	125 ± 13	120 ± 9	73 ± 8	74 ± 5	72 ± 7	89 ± 8	91 ± 6	88 ± 7	68 ± 8	71 ± 11	67 ± 8	8201 ± 1245	8867 ± 1331	8053 ± 1216
10 min	118 ± 5	123 ± 12	122 ± 9	72 ± 8	72 ± 8	72 ± 8	87 ± 7	89 ± 8	89 ± 7	68 ± 8	70 ± 10	67 ± 7	8034 ± 1166	8651 ± 1513	8151 ± 1108
15 min	117 ± 8	122 ± 11	121 ± 11	73 ± 7	72 ± 5	71 ± 7	87 ± 7	88 ± 6	88 ± 8	67 ± 10	70 ± 11	65 ± 7	7900 ± 1490	8530 ± 1538	7960 ± 1276
30 min	118 ± 7	124 ± 11	121 ± 9	72 ± 7	72 ± 8	72 ± 8	87 ± 7	89 ± 8	88 ± 7	66 ± 10	70 ± 12	66 ± 7	7835 ± 1516	8661 ± 1609	8058 ± 1134
45 min	123 ± 8	124 ± 10	121 ± 9	75 ± 6	73 ± 6	75 ± 10	91 ± 7	90 ± 6	90 ± 8	65 ± 9	70 ± 11	69 ± 7	7993 ± 1337	8595 ± 1377	8375 ± 995
60 min	122 ± 7	121 ± 10	120 ± 7	73 ± 6	75 ± 7	75 ± 7	89 ± 6	90 ± 7	90 ± 5	64 ± 7	68 ± 11	67 ± 6	7841 ± 1014	8186 ± 1435	8058 ± 885

Note: Values expressed in as the mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RPP, rate-pressure product; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Table 4 Hemodynamic parameters at interval session at control condition and 30% and 50% of maximal voluntary contraction

	1st interval			2nd interval			3rd interval
	Control	30%	50%	Control	30%	50%	Control	30%	50%
SBP (mmHg)	120 ± 5	125 ± 6	122 ± 11	121 ± 4	127 ± 6	127 ± 10	122 ± 5	125 ± 6	125 ± 10
DBP (mmHg)	70 ± 6	76 ± 6	73 ± 4	71 ± 5	75 ± 6	73 ± 5	70 ± 4	75 ± 8	74 ± 6
MAP (mmHg)	88 ± 7	92 ± 5	89 ± 6	89 ± 7	93 ± 5	91 ± 5	91 ± 4	92 ± 7	91 ± 7
HR (bpm)	74 ± 4	73 ± 10	74 ± 10	73 ± 6	73 ± 10	74 ± 9	74 ± 5	73 ± 10	74 ± 9
RPP(bpm * mmHg)	9039 ± 202	9099 ± 1169	8948 ± 1269	9019 ± 262	9285± 1079	9321 ± 1248	9089 ± 322	9183 ± 1371	9305 ± 1407

Note: Values expressed in as the mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RPP, rate-pressure product; SBP, systolic blood pressure.