Effects of a nutraceutical formulation based on the combination of antioxidants and ω-3 essential fatty acids in the expression of inflammation and immune response mediators in tears from patients with dry eye disorders

Figures & data

Table 1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Aged 23–80 years	Aged <. 23 years or >80 years
Diagnosed with mild-to-moderate DED (DEDG)	Athopy, allergic disorders
Healthy subjects (CG)	Wearing contact lenses
Able to participate in the study	History of refractive surgery
Informed consent	Ophthalmic laser treatment (less than 3 months)
	Systemic diseases and general treatments
	Eyelid anomalies, severe blepharitis or meibomitis, punctal occlusion
	Ocular disorders and eye drops other than artificial tears
	Not able to participate in the study

Abbreviations: DED, dry eye disorder; DEDG, dry eye disorder group; CG, control group.

Table 2 Composition of Brudysec 1.5^® (Brudy Laboratories, Barcelona, Spain) formula per capsule

Nutrient	Amount
DHA	350 mg
EPA	42.5 mg
Vitamin A	133.3 μg
Vitamin C	26.7 mg
Vitamin E	4 mg
Tyrosine	10.8 mg
Cysteine	5.83 mg
Glutathione	2 mg
Zinc	1.6 mg
Copper	0.16 mg
Manganese	0.33 mg
Selenium	9.17 μg
DPA	30 mg

Abbreviations: DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DPA, docosapentaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid.

Table 3 Cytokine/chemokine expression in tears

Figure 1 Remaining subjective symptoms of DEDs in DED−S or DED+S patients.

Note: **P< 0.001.

Abbreviations: DED, dry eye disorder; DED−S, dry eye disorder without antioxidants/omega-3 fatty acid oral supplements; DED+S, dry eye disorder with antioxidants/omega-3 fatty acid oral supplements.

Figure 2 Subjective DED symptoms after supplementation with a combined formulation mainly containing antioxidants and docosahexaenoic acid, and its effects on human tear IL expression levels.

Note: *P< 0.01; **P < 0.001.
Abbreviations: DED, dry eye disorder(s); IL, interleukin.