Validation of a new mass screening tool for cognitive impairment: Cognitive Assessment for Dementia, iPad version

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the CADi validation process.

Abbreviation: CADi, Cognitive Assessment for Dementia, iPad version.

Table 1 Demographic characteristics and cognitive scores of the participants

	Dementia patients	Controls	P	Criteria	Sensitivity	Specificity	Cross-validation
n	50	34
Age	75.9 (5.6)	70.7 (5.0)	<0.001
Gender (M/F)	29/21	17/17	0.27
Education years	13.0 (2.4)	14.6 (2.3)	0.14
MMSE	18.6 (4.9)	29.0 (1.0)	<0.001
FAB	9.7 (3.4)	16.7 (0.8)	<0.001
CADi	4.6 (2.3)	8.4 (1.3)	<0.001	7	0.96	0.77	81.0%
Age-adjusted CADi	4.7 (2.5)	8.2 (1.3)	<0.001	7.6	0.90	0.82	78.6%
wCADi	5.1 (2.8)	9.2 (1.0)	<0.001	8.4	0.96	0.82	82.1%
Age-adjusted wCADi	4.4 (2.5)	8.3 (1.5)	<0.001	7.6	0.92	0.82	78.6%
CADi RT	313 (164)	115 (31)	<0.001	160	0.90	0.94	86.9%
Age-adjusted CADi RT	301 (171)	133 (35)	<0.001	170	0.82	0.88	81.0%

Notes: RT shows total reaction time (seconds) for CADi. Age-adjusted scores are based on mean age of 73.8 years.

Abbreviations: CADi, Cognitive Assessment for Dementia, iPad version; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; FAB, Frontal Assessment Battery; wCADi, weighted CADi

Table 2 Correct response rates, weighted coefficients, reaction times, and Cronbach’s alpha for each Cognitive Assessment for Dementia, iPad version item

	Correct response rate			Reaction time (seconds)		Cronbach’s alpha (total 0.81)
	Dementia	Control	Weight	Dementia	Control
Immediate recognition	66%	91%	0.69	26.2 (28.0)	10.5 (9.2)	0.79
Semantic memory	54%	100%	2.46	43.1 (37.2)	11.4 (3.8)	0.78
Categorization	62%	88%	0.54	33.9 (31.8)	9.9 (4.0)	0.80
Subtraction	76%	94%	0.54	27.0 (21.9)	14.0 (8.3)	0.79
Repeating backward	18%	88%	1.05	22.8 (25.7)	7.9 (7.1)	0.78
Cube rotation	74%	100%	2.43	24.5 (19.2)	8.5 (2.6)	0.79
Pyramid rotation	26%	65%	0.08	24.6 (17.3)	13.7 (9.6)	0.83
Trail making A	54%	91%	0.68	26.1 (17.3)	8.9 (5.7)	0.78
Trail making B	12%	71%	0.80	32.7 (25.4)	11.9 (7.2)	0.78
Delayed recognition	14%	71%	0.72	49.0 (31.8)	18.5 (13.8)	0.80

Figure 2 Comparisons of CADi scores (A and B) and total reaction times (C) for dementia patients and healthy elderly controls. (D) Receiver-operating characteristic curve for each score and time.

Abbreviations: CADi, Cognitive Assessment for Dementia, iPad version; wCADi, weighted CADi.

Figure 3 Scatter plots for CADi and MMSE scores.

Abbreviations: CADi, Cognitive Assessment for Dementia, iPad version; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.

Figure 4 Scatter plot of first and second CADi scores separated by one-year interval.

Abbreviation: CADi, Cognitive Assessment for Dementia, iPad version.

Figure 5 Frequency distribution of CADi scores for elderly people (65 years of age or over).

Note: Numbers on each column are percentages of individuals who obtained each score.
Abbreviation: CADi, Cognitive Assessment for Dementia, iPad version.