Do LUTS Predict Mortality? An Analysis Using Random Forest Algorithms

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart of the formation of the study population.

Table 1 AUC, Sensitivity and Specificity of the Random Forest by Using Different Variable Groups

Variable Groups Included in the Algorithm	AUC (95% CI)	Sensitivity	Specificity
LUTS	0.60 (0.52–0.69)	0.42	0.72
Medical factors	0.56 (0.50–0.62)	0.03	0.99
Sociodemographic factors	0.60 (0.53–0.68)	0.17	0.94
Behavioral factors	0.55 (0.47–0.64)	0.02	1.00
LUTS + Medical diseases	0.65 (0.56–0.67)	0.58	0.67
LUTS + Sociodemographic factors	0.68 (0.61–0.75)	0.62	0.63
LUTS + Behavioral factors	0.64 (0.56–0.72)	0.54	0.66
Medical diseases + Sociodemographic factors + Behavioral factors	0.71 (0.62–0.78)	0.58	0.73
LUTS + Medical diseases + Sociodemographic factors + Behavioral factors	0.73 (0.65–0.81)	0.74	0.60

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; LUTS, lower urinary tract symptoms.

Figure 2 The variation of predicted probability of death between the variable values for age, BMI, DAN-PSS-1 total score and marital status.

Table 2 AUC of the Random Forest by Using Different Variable Groups to Predict Death Due to Specific Cause

Variable Groups Included in the Algorithm	AUC (95% CI)
Cardiovascular deaths
LUTS	0.57 (0.46–0.70)
Medical diseases + Sociodemographic factors + Behavioral factors	0.71 (0.61–0.79)
LUTS + Medical diseases + Sociodemographic factors + Behavioral factors	0.73 (0.63–0.82)
Cancer deaths
LUTS	0.56 (0.46–0.70)
Medical diseases + Sociodemographic factors + Behavioral factors	0.68 (0.54–0.81)
LUTS + Medical diseases + Sociodemographic factors + Behavioral factors	0.67 (0.54–0.79)
Pulmonary disease deaths
LUTS	0.57 (0.32–0.76)
Medical diseases + Sociodemographic factors + Behavioral factors	0.62 (0.42–0.82)
LUTS + Medical diseases + Sociodemographic factors + Behavioral factors	0.65 (0.41–0.79)
Deaths caused by falling
LUTS	0.65 (0.44–090)
Medical diseases + Sociodemographic factors + Behavioral factors	0.68 (0.48–0.90)
LUTS + Medical diseases + Sociodemographic factors + Behavioral factors	0.73 (0.52–0.89)

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; LUTS, lower urinary tract symptoms.