High-level activities of daily living and disease-specific mortality during a 12-year follow-up of an octogenarian population

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants who survived during the 12-year follow-up and those who died

	Living n = 242	Deceased n = 413	P-value
Men/women	64/178	203/210	0.000
Smoking (yes/no)	11/229	72/334	0.000
Alcohol drinking (yes/no)	131/100	221/181	0.672
Going to the hospital regularly (yes/no)	196/36	334/66	0.746
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.0 (17.0–32.1)	22.5 (15.3–38.8)	0.005
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	212.0 (141–318)	197.0 (91–329)	0.000
Albumin (mg/dL)	4.3 (3.5–5.3)	4.2 (2.8–4.9)	0.000
Blood sugar (mg/dL)	105 (11–578)	107 (60–456)	0.005
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	151 (102–221)	148 (100–258)	0.522

Note: Data are shown as medians (range).

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.

Table 2 Mortality due to all-causes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, cancer, or senility for the subscales of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG) index of competence

Mortality	High score	Middle score	Low score	P-value
Total functional capacity
All-cause	56.0%	60.2%	70.6%	0.008
Cardiovascular	13.0%	17.5%	17.6%	0.349
Respiratory	8.0%	9.5%	15.2%	0.049
Cancer	15.0%	9.5%	8.3%	0.071
Senility	4.5%	4.7%	7.4%	0.376
Men	42.4%	38.9%	41.4%	0.763
Instrumental self-maintenance activity
All-cause	54.9%	66.4%	76.1%	0.000
Cardiovascular	14.2%	19.3%	17.4%	0.353
Respiratory	8.6%	9.3%	18.1%	0.008
Cancer	11.0%	12.1%	9.4%	0.765
Senility	4.2%	8.6%	5.8%	0.156
Men	36.7%	50.4%	41.9%	0.020
Intellectual activity
All-cause	61.8%	58.2%	68.4%	0.149
Cardiovascular	17.9%	12.5%	17.1%	0.283
Respiratory	8.9%	13.6%	11.2%	0.286
Cancer	12.1%	9.8%	9.9%	0.654
Senility	4.3%	4.9%	9.2%	0.092
Men	45.5%	40.0%	32.9%	0.038
Social roles activity
All-cause	56.7%	60.8%	68.3%	0.045
Cardiovascular	14.4%	13.1%	20.1%	0.110
Respiratory	7.7%	10.1%	14.7%	0.065
Cancer	14.4%	12.1%	6.7%	0.032
Senility	4.6%	5.0%	6.7%	0.613
Men	39.0%	38.2%	45.0%	0.295

Figure 1 Overall survival curves during the 12-year follow-up period for the total functional capacity (A), instrumental self-maintenance activity (B), intellectual activity (C), and social roles activity (D).

Table 3 Multivariate Cox analyses of the association of gender, smoking, body mass index, serum level of albumin, glucose and total cholesterol with mortality of all-cause, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, cancer and senility

Mortality	Hazard ratio	95% CI	P-value
Total functional capacity
All-cause	0.937	0.899–0.978	0.003
Cardiovascular disease	0.945	0.870–1.026	0.179
Respiratory disease	0.887	0.804–0.978	0.016
Cancer	1.111	0.993–1.244	0.066
Senility	0.838	0.743–0.946	0.004
Instrumental self-maintenance activity
All-cause	0.856	0.787–0.930	0.000
Cardiovascular disease	0.916	0.773–1.087	0.316
Respiratory disease	0.760	0.627–0.922	0.005
Cancer	1.155	0.914–1.460	0.228
Senility	0.707	0.564–0.886	0.003
Intellectual activity
All-cause	0.884	0.794–0.983	0.023
Cardiovascular disease	0.921	0.750–1.131	0.432
Respiratory disease	0.887	0.682–1.153	0.370
Cancer	1.021	0.785–1.327	0.879
Senility	0.710	0.522–0.966	0.029
Social roles activity
All-cause	0.965	0.879–1.059	0.452
Cardiovascular disease	0.911	0.764–1.086	0.297
Respiratory disease	0.830	0.668–1.032	0.094
Cancer	1.398	1.088–1.797	0.009
Senility	0.835	0.627–1.114	0.220

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.