Characteristics and Prognosis of Type 2 Myocardial Infarction Through Worsening Renal Function and NT-proBNP in Older Adults with Pneumonia

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Pneumonia Patients with and without Type 2 MI

Characteristics	With Type 2 MI	Without Type 2 MI	P-value
	n = 361	n = 2257
Age (year)	88.1±5.9	88.2±5.6	0.7643
Male, n (%)	282(78.1)	1713(75.9)	0.3579
BMI ≥ 27 kg/m², n (%)	40(11.1)	225(9.9)	0.7340
Comorbidities, n (%)
Hypertension	308(85.3)	1851(82.0)	0.1250
Heart rate > 120/min	189(52.4)	435(19.3)	<0.0001
DM	147(40.7)	866(38.4)	0.3945
Dyslipidemia	216(59.8)	1272(56.4)	0.2157
Peripheral vascular disease	157(43.5)	943(41.8)	0.5413
Hemoglobin < 80 g/L	32(8.9)	83(3.7)	<0.0001
CKD	190(52.6)	372(16.5)	<0.0001
Congestive heart failure NYHA III/IV	167(46.3)	740(32.8)	<0.0001
Coronary artery disease	233(64.5)	1399(62.0)	0.3517
COPD	129(35.7)	711(31.5)	0.1097
NT-proBNP > 4165pg/mL	214(59.3)	329(14.6)	<0.0001
Sepsis	33(9.1)	76(3.4)	<0.0001
ACCI	8.60±2.34	8.30±2.01	0.0212
Echocardiographic results
LVEF (%)	52.07±10.32	51.29±10.92	0.2028

Note: Data are mean ± standard deviation or n (%).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACCI, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index; DM, diabetes mellitus; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.

Table 2 Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Risk Factors of Type 2 MI in Older Adults with Pneumonia

Risk Factors	OR	95% CI	P-value
ACCI	1.093	1.030–1.160	0.003
Sepsis	1.014	0.615–1.672	0.955
Hemoglobin < 80 g/L	0.689	0.431–1.101	0.120
Heart rate > 120/min	0.267	0.130–0.546	< 0.0001
CKD	7.354	3.604–15.005	< 0.0001
Congestive heart failure NYHA III/IV	0.293	0.199–0.432	< 0.0001
NT-proBNP > 4165pg/mL	12.277	7.778–19.379	< 0.0001

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; MI, myocardial infarction; ACCI, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index; OR, odds ratios; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 1 Associations of risk factors with type 2 MI in older adults with pneumonia.

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; ACCI, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index.

Table 3 Characteristics of Type 2 MI Based on the Occurrence of 90-Day Adverse Events (Refractory Heart Failure, Cardiogenic Shock, and All-Cause Death)

Variables	Without Adverse Events	Adverse Events	P-value
	n = 221	n = 140
Age (year)	85.796±4.751	91.671±5.766	0.0107
Male, n (%)	172(77.8)	110(78.6)	0.8678
BMI ≥ 27 kg/m², n (%)	25(11.3)	15(10.7)	0.8600
Comorbidities, n (%)
Hypertension	187(84.6)	121(86.4)	0.6353
Congestive heart failure NYHA III/IV	70(31.7)	97(69.3)	<0.0001
DM	88(39.8)	59(42.1)	0.6615
Heart rate > 120/min	110(49.8)	79(56.4)	0.2174
Dyslipidemia	132(59.7)	84(60.0)	0.9591
Hemoglobin < 80 g/L	17(7.7)	15(10.7)	0.3250
COPD	78(35.3)	51(36.4)	0.8265
Peripheral vascular disease	92(41.6)	65(46.4)	0.3701
NT-proBNP > 4165pg/mL	93(42.1)	121 (86.4)	<0.0001
Sepsis	14(6.3)	19(13.6)	0.0201
ACCI	8.090±2.054	9.436±2.508	0.0084
CKD	82(37.1)	108(77.1)	<0.0001
Coronary artery disease	136(61.5)	97(69.3)	0.1338
Echocardiographic results
LVEF (%)	51.701±10.148	52.664±10.549	0.6122

Note: Data are mean ± standard deviation or n (%).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACCI, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index; DM, diabetes mellitus; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.

Table 4 Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Predictive Factors of 90-Day Adverse Events (Refractory Heart Failure, Cardiogenic Shock, and All-Cause Death) in Older Pneumonia Patients with Type 2 MI

Risk Factors	OR	95% CI	P-value
ACCI	1.28	1.111–1.469	0.0006
Sepsis	2.56	0.637–10.307	0.1851
CKD	10.06	4.482–22.602	<0.0001
Congestive heart failure NYHA III/IV	0.32	0.141–0.718	0.0058
NT-proBNP > 4165pg/mL	31.53	12.575–79.043	<0.0001
Age	1.30	1.211–1.406	<0.0001

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; ACCI, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 2 Associations of risk factors with 90-day adverse events in older pneumonia patients of type 2 MI.

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; ACCI, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index.

Figure 3 Kaplan–Meier 90-day adverse events (refractory heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and all-cause death) curves according to NT-proBNP level and CKD.

Abbreviation: CKD, chronic kidney disease.

Figure 4 Kaplan–Meier 90-day adverse events (refractory heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and all-cause death) curves according to NT-proBNP level and CKD.

Abbreviation: CKD, chronic kidney disease.