Outcome Comparison of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Due to Large Artery Atherosclerosis and Cardioembolism in the Chinese Population: Data from the ANGEL Registry

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart of patient selection.

Abbreviations: SOE, stroke of other determined etiology; SUE, stroke of undetermined etiology; LAA, large artery atherosclerosis; CE, cardioembolism.

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics and Outcome of Between LAA and CE

Variables	Total (n=632)	LAA (n = 488)	CE (n = 144)	P value
Age, median (IQR)	64(56–73)	63(55–72)	67(59–75)	0.003
Male, n (%)	407(64.4)	343(84.3)	64(44.4)	<0.001
Smoking history, n (%)	211(33.4)	185(37.9)	26(18.1)	<0.001
History of hypertension, n (%)	329(52.1)	271(55.5)	58(40.3)	0.001
History of diabetes Mellitus, n (%)	93(14.7)	76(15.6)	17(11.8)	0.262
History of atrial fibrillation, n (%)	145(22.9)	52(10.7)	93(64.6)	<0.001
History of stroke, n (%)	67(10.6)	50(10.2)	17(11.8)	0.593
SBP, median (IQR)	146(130–161)	146(130–163)	143(128–160)	0.068
Admission NIHSS, median (IQR)	15(10–20)	14(9–18)	20(14–23)	<0.001
Admission ASPECTS, median (IQR)	8(7–8)	8(7–8)	8(6–8)	0.169
Antiplatelet therapy before EVT, n (%)	134(21.2)	109(22.3)	25(17.4)	0.199
IVT before EVT, n (%)	191(30.2)	148(30.3)	43(29.9)	0.915
Occlusion location, n (%)				0.606
ICA	264(41.8)	209(42.8)	55(38.2)
M1	299(47.3)	225(46.1)	74(51.4)
M2/M3	65(10.3)	50(10.2)	15(10.4)
ACA	4(0.6)	4(0.8)	0(0)
Tandem lesion, n (%)	127(20.1)	127(26.0)	0(0)	<0.001
General anesthesia, n (%)	235(37.2)	164(33.6)	71(49.3)	0.001
GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor, n (%)	194(30.7)	164(33.6)	30(20.8)	0.003
Heparin during the procedure, n (%)	271(42.9)	192(39.3)	79(54.9)	0.001
Stent retriever, n (%)	474(75.0)	339(69.5)	135(93.8)	<0.001
Direct aspiration, n (%)	49(7.8)	31(6.4)	18(12.5)	0.015
IAT, n (%)	200(31.6)	164(33.6)	36(25.0)	0.051
Balloon angioplasty/stenting, n (%)	129(20.4)	121(24.8)	8(5.6)	<0.001
MT times, median (IQR)	1(1–2)	1(1–2)	1(1–2)	0.713
OTP, median (IQR), min	290(208–419)	300(220–440)	260(186–335)	<0.001
Procedure duration, median (IQR), min	80(50–115)	80(55–115)	78(45–111)	0.207
Successful recanalization, n (%)	582(92.1)	456(93.4)	126(87.5)	0.020
Complete recanalization, n (%)	449(71.0)	354(72.5)	95(66.0)	0.127

Note: Bold values indicate statistical significance.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; IQR, interquartile range; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score; ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score; OTD, onset-to-door; DTP, door-to-puncture; PTR, puncture-to-recanalization; IVT, intravenous thrombolysis; IAT, intraarterial thrombolysis; MT, mechanical thrombectomy; FPR, first pass recanalization; sICH, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage; PH, parenchymal hemorrhage.

Table 2 Adjusted or/HR of Safety and Efficacy Outcome According to Different Pathogenic Subtypes

Study Outcomes	LAA (n=488)	CE (n=144)	Adjusted Model 1*	P value	Adjusted Model 2^#	P value
			Effect Size (95% CI)		Effect Size (95% CI)
Primary outcomes, n(%)
90-day mRS 0–2	272(55.7)	62(43.1)	1.19(0.92–1.53)	0.190	1.08(0.83–1.39)	0.576
Secondary outcomes
90-day mRS, median (IQR)	2(1–4)	3(1–5)	1.25(0.82–1.90)	0.307	1.23(0.79–1.91)	0.363
90-day mRS 0–1, n(%)	216(44.3)	47(32.6)	1.18(0.91–1.54)	0.215	1.06(0.81–1.37)	0.683
90-day mRS 0–3, n(%)	337(69.1)	82(56.9)	1.32(1.02–1.72)	0.038	1.19(0.91–1.56)	0.196
ENI, n(%)	259(53.1)	94(65.3)	1.25(0.96–1.63)	0.095	1.22(0.95–1.58)	0.125
Safety outcomes, n(%)
Death within 90 days	53(10.9)	35(24.3)	0.91(0.66–1.25)	0.545	0.88(0.63–1.24)	0.470
SICH within 48 h	22(4.5)	14(9.7)	1.08(0.65–1.78)	0.779	1.02(0.62–1.67)	0.950
Any ICH within 48 h	107(21.9)	44(30.6)	0.94(0.71–1.25)	0.680	0.92(0.69–1.23)	0.569

Notes: Bold values indicate statistical significance. *Adjusting for age, sex, smoking history, history of hypertension, history of atrial fibrillation, admission NIHSS, tandem lesion, general anesthesia, GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor, heparin during the procedure, stent retriever, direct aspiration, balloon angioplasty/stenting, OTP, and successful recanalization. ^#Adjusting for propensity score.

Abbreviations: ENI, early neurological improvement; sICH, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; mRS, modified rankin score.

Figure 2 Shift on 90-day mRS score stratified by LAA and CE.

Abbreviations: mRS, modified Rankin Scale; LAA, large artery atherosclerosis; CE, cardioembolism.