Imaging of Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Figures & data

Figure 1 Screening and diagnostic approach for sarcopenia termed “Find-Assess-Confirm-Severity”. Adapted from Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T et al Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age and ageing. 2019;48(1):16–31.¹

Table 1 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Primary Imaging Techniques for Body Composition and Mass/Fat Assessment

	DXA	US	CT	MRI
Measures	-Appendicular lean mass -Appendicular lean mass index	-Echo-intensity of skeletal muscle -Muscle thickness -Cross sectional area -Fascicle length -Pennation angle	-The SMA at the L3 level or height-corrected SMA (cm2/m2)	-Providing the same data on fat infiltration as CT -Muscle edema -Fiber infiltration -Fiber contraction -Elasticity
Simplicity	+	+	+	+
Cost	++	+	++\+++	++\+++
Validity	++	+\++	+++	+++
Clinical application	+	+	+	+
Research application	++\+++	+	+++	+++
New techniques	-	SWE CEUS	pQCT	IDEAL ^1H MRS\ ^31P MRS DTI BLOD

Notes: Use +++~+ to indicate different measurement methods in terms of simplicity, cost, validity, clinical application, and research application degree.+++, high; ++, medium; +, low.

Figure 2 Effects of hypoglycemic drugs and exercise on muscle mass and performance.

Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019;48(1):16–31.

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