Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Incident Frailty in Elderly Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Study Based on Propensity Score Matching

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study flowchart.

Abbreviations: CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; BMI, body mass index; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index.

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Research Subjects

Variables	Non-CPAP Group (n=284)	CPAP Group (n=71)	P
Male, n (%)	179 (63.02)	45 (63.38)	0.956
Age, y	68.49 (65.00, 71.00)	68.69 (64.00, 72.00)	0.762
BMI, kg/m^2	27.30 (24.44, 29.58)	27.31 (24.65, 30.02)	0.986
Smoking, n (%)	60 (21.12)	8 (11.26)	0.059
Drinking, n (%)	28 (9.85)	2 (2.81)	0.056
Hypertension, n (%)	190 (66.90)	44 (61.97)	0.433
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)	85 (29.92)	21 (29.57)	0.954
Diabetes, n (%)	65 (22.88)	17 (23.94)	0.850
AHI, times/h	41.83 (23.20, 58.37)	42.85 (26.40, 55.40)	0.741
SpO2, %	92.48 (91.00, 95.00)	92.65 (92.00, 96.00)	0.731
TC, mmol/L	4.33 (3.54, 4.95)	4.64 (3.49, 5.03)	0.218
TG, mmol/L	1.66 (1.03, 2.02)	1.81 (1.05, 2.21)	0.354

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; AHI, the apnea-hypopnea index; TC, Total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.

Table 2 Association Between CPAP Therapy and Incidence of Frailty Components

	CPAP Group	Non-CPAP Group	Univariate Regression Analysis
			OR (95% Cl)	P
Fatigue, n (%)	18 (25.35)	139 (48.94)	0.354 (0.198, 0.635)	<0.001
Resistance, n (%)	7 (9.85)	71 (25.00)	0.328 (0.144, 0.749)	0.008
Ambulation, n (%)	1 (1.40)	22 (7.74)	0.170 (0.023, 1.284)	0.086
Illness, n (%)	22 (29.33)	74 (26.05)	1.247 (0.722, 2.250)	0.404
Unintentional weight loss, n (%)	11 (15.49)	91 (32.04)	0.389 (0.195, 0.755)	0.007

Abbreviations: CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; OR, odds ratio.

Figure 2 Divergent Incidence of Frailty between Two Groups.

Table 3 Results of Logistic Analysis

	Univariate Regression Analysis		Multivariate Regression Analysis
	OR (95% Cl)	P	OR (95% Cl)	P
Male	0.849 (0.497, 1.451)	0.549
Age	1.118 (1.124, 1.255)	<0.001	1.206 (1.134, 1.282)	<0.001
BMI	1.045 (0.981, 1.113)	0.176
AHI	1.011 (1.000, 1.023)	0.055	1.017 (1.004, 1.030)	0.010
Smoking	1.957 (1.079, 3.614)	0.027	1.667 (0.860, 3.231)	0.130
Drinking	1.266 (0.520, 3.081)	0.604
Hypertension	1.372 (0.744, 2.433)	0.279
Hyperlipidemia	0.926 (0.520, 1.648)	0.793
Diabetes	1.875 (1.055, 3.332)	0.032	1.364 (0.072, 2.652)	0.360
With CPAP therapy	0.455 (0.207, 1.000)	0.050	0.366 (0.151, 0.833)	0.025

Note: Adjusted for age, AHI, smoking, diabetes, and CPAP therapy.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; AHI, the apnea-hypopnea index; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure.

Data Sharing Statement

Our research is conducted collaboratively, with a focus on teamwork. In the event that all team members are in agreement to share the data, the corresponding author can be contacted to request access to the information.