Effect of Memo®, a natural formula combination, on Mini-Mental State Examination scores in patients with mild cognitive impairment

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics in the treatment groups

Baseline variable	Experimental group (n = 30)	Control group (n = 30)	Test	Significance
Age, years (mean ± SD)	65.97 ± 6.52	66.43 ± 5.79	t-test	0.771
Male to female ratio	19/11	14/16	Chi-square	0.299
MMSE score (mean ± SD)	24.90 ± 1.06	24.87 ± 1.14	t-test	0.907
Education level
Primary/preparatory	10	9	Z-test for proportions	0.779
Secondary	9	14		0.184
University	11	7		0.258

Abbreviations: MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; SD, standard deviation; n, number.

Figure 1 Patient flowchart.

Table 2 Paired statistics for mean MMSE scores before treatment and after 4 weeks

Treatment group	Mean	SD	t-test	Significance
Memo®
Pair
Baseline MMSE	24.90	1.06	−9.90	<0.0001
MMSE end of 4 weeks	26.97	1.38
Placebo
Pair
Baseline MMSE	24.87	1.14	−0.626	0.536
MMSE end of 4 weeks	25.00	1.41

Abbreviations: MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; SD, standard deviation.

Table 3 Comparison of the mean difference in MMSE scores between treatment groups

Group	n	Change in mean MMSE score from baseline	SD	t-test	Significance
Memo®	30	2.067	1.143	6.485	<0.0001
Placebo	30	0.133	1.167

Abbreviations: MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; SD, standard deviation.

Table 4 General linear model analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for the treatment effect corrected for age and education level within treatment groups

Source	Type III sum of squares	df	Mean square	F	Significance
Dependent variable: mean change in MMSE scores from baseline
Corrected model	69.733a	6	11.622	9.675	0.000
Intercept	8.054	1	8.054	6.705	0.012
Age	4.536	1	4.536	3.776	0.057
Education (treatment)	10.103	4	2.526	2.103	0.093
Treatment	53.743	1	53.743	44.739	0.000
Error	63.667	53	1.201
Total	206.000	60
Corrected total	133.400	59

Notes:

a R² = 0.523 (adjusted R² = 0.469)

Abbreviation: df, degrees of freedom.

Figure 2 Significantly superior effect of 4 weeks of treatment with Memo® on the MMSE score in men and women. There was no significant effect of gender on the outcome measure.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.