Longitudinal Analysis of Renal Function Changes in Elderly Populations: Health Status Evaluation and Risk Factor Assessment

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics and Baseline Examination Outcomes of Participants Upon Enrollment

	Kidney Diseases	No Kidney Diseases	Health	F	P
N (%)	84 (33.33)	78 (30.95)	90 (35.71)
Male (%)	50 (59.52)	38 (48.72)	45 (50)
Age (years)	71.24±7.12	72.96±8.31	72.54±5.32
GLU (mmol/L)	8.57±3.93	6.65±2.06	4.48±1.02	53.223	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	5.87±1.36	7.33±1.51	5.23±0.74	62.712	<0.001
LDL-c (μmol/L)	2.83±1.14	2.86±1.08	3.05±1.12	1.03	0.358
UA (μmol/L)	400.49±168.58	457.81±182.61	379.39±96.28	5.65	0.004
ALB (g/L)	27.56±8.8	32.56±3.88	35.54±3.3	40.824	<0.001
UP (g/L)	2.56±1.79	0.05±0.22	0	166.28	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	135.61±25.61	131.88±29.67	128.18±28.77	1.525	0.220

Abbreviations: ALB, albumin; GLU, glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; LDL-c, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; UA, uric acid; UP, urine protein; SBP, systolic pressure.

Table 2 Three-Year Trends in GFR Levels and Changes Among Three Groups

	Kidney Diseases	No Kidney Diseases	Health	F	P
mGFR (mL/min)
1st year	64.89±10.3	64.51±32.24		6.741	0.110
2nd year	59.06±10.25	61.59±32.27		11.417	0.001
3rd year	50.95±11.17	56.49±32.02		17.502	0.000
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m^2)
1st year	74.89±10.14	74.88±32.43	75.76±11.18	53.577	0.067
2nd year	65.67±10.32	67.83±34.8	70.47±14.52	56.087	0.000
3rd year	55.97±10.89	64.11±34.35	70.54±15.15	90.058	0.000
ΔmGFR (mL/min)
Within 2 years	−5.83±4.49	−2.93±2.29		26.282	0.000
Within 3 years	−13.94±6.36	−8.02±3.92		49.959	0.000
ΔeGFR (mL/min/1.73m^2)
Within 2 years	−9.22±1.76	−7.04±9.2	−5.29±7.16	7.392	0.001
Within 3 years	−18.93±3.41	−10.77±9.02	−5.21±7.75	81.488	0.000
Average change in mGFR within 3 years (mL/min)	−4.65±2.12	−2.67±1.31		49.959	0.000
Average change in eGFR within 3 years (mL/min/1.73m^2)	−6.31±1.14	−3.59±3.01	−1.74±2.58	81.488	0.000

Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; mGFR, measured glomerular filtration rate.

Figure 1 GFR changes over 3 years in all subjects.

Table 3 Analysis of Factors Influencing Changes in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

	eGFR			mGFR^#
	β	P	95% CI	β	P	95% CI
K group	−40.31	<0.001	−46.07~-34.54	−12.05	<0.001	−18.74~-5.36
NK group	−26.96	<0.001	−31.82~-22.10	Ref.
H group	Ref.
GLU	0.35	0.192	−0.18~ 0.88	0.22	0.472	−3.85~0.83
HbA1c	1.36	0.029	0.14 ~ 2.58	1.84	0.016	0.35~3.34
LDL-c	−0.44	0.440	−1.56 ~ 0.68	0.35	0.660	−1.22 ~ 1.92
UA	−0.01	0.248	−0.02 ~ 0.00	−0.00	0.499	−0.02~0.01
ALB	−0.38	0.038	−0.74 ~ −0.02	−0.26	0.305	−0.74~0.23
UP	−0.21	0.861	−2.45 ~ 2.13	0.41	0.778	−2.45~3.28
SBP	−0.10	<0.001	−0.15 ~ −0.04	−0.06	0.102	−0.14~0.01

Note: ^#Only data from the K group and the NK group were used.

Abbreviations: ALB, albumin; β, regression coefficient; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GLU, glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; LDL-c, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; mGFR, measured glomerular filtration rate; UA, uric acid; UP, urine protein; SBP, systolic pressure.

Table 4 Baseline Examination and Trends in Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Among Protein-Negative Subjects

	Kidney Diseases	No Kidney Diseases	Health	F	P
N	20	76	90
ΔeGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)
Within 2 years	−8.58±1.79	−6.86±9.25	−5.29±7.16	1.816	0.166
Within 3 years	−17.8±2.92	−10.61±9.05	−5.21±7.75	23.780	<0.001
Average change in eGFR within 3 years (mL/min/1.73m2)	−5.93±0.97	−3.54±3.02	−1.74±2.58	23.780	<0.001
GLU (mmol/L)	9.62±4.64	6.71±2.06	4.48±1.02	56.440	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	5.89±1.54	7.3±1.51	5.23±0.74	61.405	<0.001
LDL-c (μmol/L)	3.04±1.15	2.85±1.08	3.05±1.12	0.729	0.484
UA (μmol/L)	412.74±172.46	454.58±176.69	379.39±96.28	5.713	0.004
ALB (g/L)	38.12±3.37	32.59±3.87	35.54±3.3	25.161	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	127.77±23.15	132.08±29.99	128.18±28.77	0.432	0.650

Abbreviations: ALB, albumin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GLU, glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; LDL-c, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; UA, uric acid; UP, urine protein; SBP, systolic pressure.

Data Sharing Statement

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.