Effects of Anticoagulant Therapy and Frailty in the Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Figures & data

Table 1 Patients with or Without Anticoagulation at Hospital Discharge^a

	Anticoagulation	No anticoagulation	P
Subjects, n	159	202	—
Age, median (Q1, Q3)	83 (79, 90)	87 (82, 91)	<0.001^b
Male	93 (58.49)	141 (69.80)	0.025^c
Paroxysmal AF	82 (51.57)	149 (73.76)	<0.001^b
Hypertension	134 (37.12)	166 (82.18)	0.597
Chronic myocardial infarction	30 (18.87)	48 (23.76)	0.262
Chronic heart failure	49 (30.81)	54 (26.73)	0.394
Diabetes	66 (41.51)	81 (40.10)	0.787
Bleeding history	30 (18.87)	70 (34.65)	0.001^c
Ischemic stroke history	78 (49.06)	113 (55.94)	0.193
Thrombosis history	20 (12.58)	24 (11.88)	0.841
Thrombosis during hospitalization	31 (19.50)	22 (10.89)	0.022^c
Bleeding during hospitalization	25 (15.72)	38 (18.81)	0.443
Hemoglobin, median (Q1, Q3), mg/dl	126 (108.25, 136.75)	121 (104, 136)	0.019^c
Albumin, median (Q1, Q3)	35.75 (33.8, 38.2)	34.7 (31.5, 37.4)	0.001^c
eGFR, median (Q1, Q3)	65.64 (52.51, 80.03)	65.34 (44.30, 78.14)	0.508
PT, median (Q1, Q3)	13.4 (12.65, 14.88)	13.6 (12.5, 14.6)	0.651
PT activity, median (Q1, Q3)	84.1 (73.20, 95.00)	88.00 (75.45, 97.50)	0.400
Activated PTT, median (Q1, Q3)	37.35 (28.45, 42.80)	37.90 (29.35, 43.85)	0.203
D-dimer, median (Q1, Q3)	0.90 (0.40, 2.05)	0.80 (0.48, 1.49)	0.861

Notes: ^aReported as n (%), unless shown as otherwise; ^bP < 0.001; ^cP < 0.05.

Abbreviations: PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time.

Table 2 CGA Items of Patients with or Without Anticoagulation at Hospital Discharge^a

	Anticoagulation	No Anticoagulation	P
Subjects, n	159	202	–
BMI, x ± SD	24.69 ± 4.17	23.71 ± 4.16	0.028^b
Frailty, n (%)	70 (44.03)	112 (55.45)	0.031^b
ADL	90 (65, 95)	75 (50, 95)	0.011^b
Risk of falls	45 (45, 60)	50 (45, 70)	0.162
MNA-SF	13 (10, 14)	12 (9, 14)	0.047^b
Mini-cog	3 (1, 4)	3 (0, 4)	0.035^b
Polypharmacy, n (%)	123 (77.36)	153 (75.74)	0.719
aCCI	6 (4, 8.75)	7 (5, 9)	0.079

Notes: ^aReported as median (Q₁, Q₃), unless indicated otherwise; ^bP < 0.05.

Figure 1 Drug compliance of anticoagulation and antiplatelet during follow-up.

Table 3 Observed Events in Patients with or Without Anticoagulation or Frailty^a

	Anticoagulation Regime			Frailty
	Yes	No	P	Yes	No	P
Subjects, n	143	173	–	150	166	–
Thromboembolic events	10 (6.99)	19 (10.98)	0.221	14 (9.33)	15 (9.04)	0.927
Bleeding events	30 (20.98)	22 (12.72)	0.049^b	31 (20.67)	21 (12.65)	0.055
All-cause deaths	25 (17.48)	31 (17.92)	0.919	50 (33.33)	6 (3.61)	0.000^c
Drug compliance	30 (20.98)	19 (10.98)	0.015^b	21 (14.00)	28 (16.87)	0.482
Cardiovascular events	26 (18.18)	25 (14.45)	0.370	32 (21.33)	19 (11.45)	0.017^b

Notes: ^aReported as n (%); ^bP < 0.05; ^cP < 0.001.

Table 4 Cox Regression Analysis of the Effects of Anticoagulation and Frailty on Clinical Events

	Anticoagulation		Frailty
	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)
Thromboembolic events	0.218	0.618 (0.287–1.330)	0.729	0.826 (0.281–2.430)
Bleeding vents	0.056	1.712 (0.987–2.967)	0.006	2.294 (1.264–4.160)
All-cause death events	0.908	0.969 (0.572–1.642)	0.001	4.947 (1.999–12.242)
Cardiovascular events	0.391	1.271 (0.734–2.202)	0.053	1.899 (0.991–3.641)