Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque occurrence in predicting stable angiographic coronary artery disease

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient characteristics

	Total	<60 years (n = 61)	≥60 years (n = 59)	P
Age (years)	61 ± 11	52 ± 5	71 ± 7	0.000
Males	95 (79.2)	51 (83.6)	44 (74.6)	NS
CAD risk factors
Family CAD history	21 (17.5)	10 (16.4)	11 (18.6)	NS
Smoking	65 (54.2)	35 (57.4)	30 (50.8)	NS
Diabetes	46 (38.3)	20 (33.3)	26 (44.1)	NS
Hypertension	88 (73.3)	39 (63.9)	49 (83.1)	0.018
Hyperlipidemia	57 (47.5)	32 (52.5)	25 (42.4)	NS
Number of diseased coronary arteries
0	32 (26.7)	19 (31.1)	13 (22.0)	NS
1	19 (15.8)	12 (19.7)	7 (11.9)	NS
2	20 (16.7)	12 (19.7)	8 (13.6)	NS
3	49 (40.8)	18 (29.5)	31 (52.5)	0.015

Note: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, or number (percentage).

Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; NS, not significant.

Table 2 Difference in carotid intima-media thickness between the two age groups of patients, with and without coronary artery disease

	<60 years (n = 61)	≥60 years (n = 59)	P
Mean CIMT (mm)
Non-CAD	0.65 ± 0.02	0.72 ± 0.04	NS
CAD	0.68 ± 0.02	0.81 ± 0.02	0.000
P	NS	0.028
IMT-CCA (mm)
Non-CAD	0.84 ± 0.02	0.88 ± 0.04	NS
CAD	0.85 ± 0.02	0.97 ± 0.02	0.000
P	NS	0.036
IMT-CB (mm)
Non-CAD	0.87 ± 0.02	0.85 ± 0.03	NS
CAD	0.93 ± 0.02	0.98 ± 0.02	NS
P	0.041	0.001

Note: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Abbreviations: CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; CCA, common carotid artery; CB, carotid bulb; CAD, coronary artery disease; NS, not significant.

Table 3 The correlation between carotid IMT and plaque with the incidence of CAD, after controlling for other risk factors

	<60 years		≥60 years
	r	P	r	P
Mean CIMT	0.125	0.336	0.286	0.028
IMT-CCA	0.028	0.829	0.274	0.036
IMT-CB	0.263	0.041	0.424	0.001
CCA plaque	0.319	0.012	0.347	0.007
ICA plaque	0.168	0.195	0.288	0.027
CB plaque	0.255	0.047	0.481	0.000

Abbreviations:r, correlation coefficient; IMT, intima-media thickness; CIMT, common carotid intima-media thickness; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCA, common carotid artery; CB, carotid bulb; ICA, internal carotid artery.

Table 4 Difference of carotid plaque occurrence between the two age groups of patients, with and without coronary artery disease

	<60 years (n = 61)	≥60 years (n = 59)	P
CCA plaque
Non-CAD	2 (3.3)	6 (10.2)	0.028
CAD	18 (28.7)	38 (64.4)	0.000
P	0.000	0.000
ICA plaque
Non-CAD	4 (6.6)	5 (8.5)	NS
CAD	16 (25.4)	33 (55.9)	0.002
P	0.007	0.000
CB plaque
Non-CAD	8 (13.2)	6 (10.2)	NS
CAD	29 (47.5)	42 (71.2)	0.014
P	0.000	0.000

Note: Data are presented as number (percentage).

Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; CCA, common carotid artery; ICA, internal carotid artery; CB, carotid bulb; NS, not significant.

Table 5 Prediction of coronary artery disease by carotid IMT and plaque

	<60 years		≥60 years
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Mean CIMT	1.42 (0.46–4.34)	0.540	1.79 (0.45–7.06)	0.408
IMT-CCA	2.23 (0.70–7.09)	0.174	0.92 (0.24–3.61)	0.905
IMT-CB	0.73 (0.25–2.13)	0.560	3.86 (1.13–13.23)	0.031
Carotid plaque	5.36 (1.63–17.63)	0.006	14.91 (1.06–209.84)	0.045

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; CCA, common carotid artery; CB, carotid bulb.