A quasi-experimental study on a new service option for short-term residential care of older stroke patients

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow of study.

Table 1 Characteristics of participants at baseline

	Intervention group	Control group	P-value for baseline difference
	n	n
Patients
n	60	128
Age, year (mean ± SD)	70.0 ± 11.3	72.7 ± 10.4	0.106
Gender			0.040*
Male	26 (43.3%)	76 (59.4%)
Female	34 (56.7%)	52 (40.6%)
Monthly household income, HK$#			0.001*
<2000	17 (28.3%)	26 (20.3%)
2000–9999	7 (11.7%)	54 (42.2%)
10000–14999	5 (8.3%)	16 (12.5%)
15000–29999	14 (23.3%)	20 (15.6%)
≥30000	11 (18.3%)	10 (7.8%)
Missing	6 (10.0%)	2 (1.6%)
Marital status			0.888
Never married	1 (1.7%)	3 (2.3%)
Currently married	39 (65.0%)	79 (61.7%)
Separated/divorced/widowed	20 (33.3%)	46 (35.9%)
First-ever stroke			0.926
Yes	49 (81.7%)	103 (80.5%)
No	11 (18.3%)	24 (18.8%)
Missing	–	1 (0.8%)
Type of stroke			0.053
Ischemic	41 (68.3%)	103 (80.5%)
Hemorrhagic	19 (31.7%)	24 (18.8%)
Missing	–	1 (0.8%)
Time from stroke to rehabilitation, month (mean, SD)	2.1 ± 1.1	1.8 ± 0.9	0.085
MBI (mean, SD)	41.8 ± 23.3	51.9 ± 20.6	0.003*
MMSE (mean, SD)	19.7 ± 8.2	19.6 ± 6.5	0.951
GDS (mean, SD)	8.3 ± 3.2	6.5 ± 3.3	0.007*
SSES (mean, SD)	72.2 ± 10.3	69.8 ± 12.5	0.337
Caregiver
n	55	125
Age, year (mean, SD)	54.0 ± 11.8	54.4 ± 11.6	0.818
Gender			0.542
Male	13 (23.6%)	35 (28.0%)
Female	42 (76.4%)	90 (72.0%)
Living with patients			0.494
Yes	30 (54.5%)	75 (60.0%)
No	25 (45.5%)	50 (40.0%)
Relationship with patient			0.838
Spouse	22 (40.0%)	51 (40.8%)
Children/children-in-law	31 (56.4%)	67 (53.6%)
Others	2 (3.6%)	7 (5.6%)
Domestic helper			0.839
Yes	18 (32.7%)	39 (31.2%)
No	37 (67.3%)	86 (68.8%)
ZBI (mean, SD)	32.4 (14.9)	35.9 (16.7)	0.179

Notes:

# HK$7.8=US$1;

* significant difference at baseline at 5% level of significance.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; MBI, Modified Barthel Index; MMSE, Mini-Mental Status Examination; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; SSES, State Self-Esteem Scale; ZBI, Zarit Burden Interview.

Table 2 Changes in outcome measures at 4 months after baseline

Outcome measures (Change defined as score at 4 months minus score at baseline)	Intervention group Mean (95% CI)	Control group Mean (95% CI)	P-value for between-group difference
MBI	15.3 (10.8–19.8)	13.3 (9.7–16.8)	0.648a
MMSE	1.3 (0.4–2.1)	1.1 (0.4–1.9)	0.936a
GDS	−1.0 (−2.5 to 0.4)	−0.3 (−1.1 to 0.5)	0.618a
SSES	2.6 (−2.2 to 7.3)	1.1 (−1.9 to 4.1)	0.268a
ZBI	−2.0 (−6.0 to 2.1)	−3.9 (−6.7 to −1.2)	0.346b

Notes:

a Controlled for age and gender of stroke patients and corresponding baseline outcome measures;

b controlled for age and gender of stroke patients, age and gender of caregivers, baseline MBI, baseline MMSE, and baseline ZBI.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MBI, Modified Barthel Index; MMSE, Mini-Mental Status Examination; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; SSES, State Self-Esteem Scale; ZBI, Zarit Burden Interview.