Dyadic effects of attitude toward aging on psychological well-being of older Malaysian couples: an actor–partner interdependence model

Figures & data

Figure 1 Spousal Attitude–Well-Being Model.

Notes: Arrows “a” and “b” reflect actor effects, arrows “c” and “d” reflect partner effects, and arrows “e” and “f” indicate interdependence.

Table 1 Descriptive statistics for the sample

Variable	Husbands (n =300)				Wives (n=300)
	n	%	M	SD	n	%	M	SD
Age			60.37	6.54			56.33	5.32
No formal education	37	12.3			35	11.7
Primary school	142	47.3			143	47.7
Secondary	121	40.3			122	40.7
Psychological well-being			58.87	23.95			62.12	22.60
Attitude toward aging			9.58	1.66			9.49	1.63

Abbreviations: n, number; M, mean; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 2 Standardized parameter estimates.

Table 2 Summary of APIM results

APIM parameters	Regression weights			CR	P-value
	Unstandardized	SE	Standardized
Actor effect
Wives	0.407	0.152	0.173	2.68	P<0.01
Husbands	0.401	0.154	0.165	2.61	P<0.01
Partner effect
Husbands to wives	0.485	0.176	0.189	2.75	P<0.01
Wives to husbands	0.424	0.157	0.176	2.70	P<0.01

Abbreviations: APIM, actor–partner interdependence model; SE, standard error; CR, critical ratio.