Effectiveness of a life story work program on older adults with intellectual disabilities

Figures & data

Table 1 Summary for the content of LSWp

Session	Details
1	Program introduction. Designing the cover of life story book.
2–5	Exploring participants’ daily lives, including their hobbies, strengths, achievements, and also their current lives.
	• One session of outing for doing what the participants love doing (eg, going for a walk in the park, yum cha, etc) and recording the experience by taking pictures.
	• One session of home visit or field visit for taking pictures and collecting photos for participants' current lives.
6–8	Focusing on significant past events and places.
	• One session of field visit where the participants visit the places where they had grown up in or they were the most familiar with.
9–11	Focusing on significant relationship in current life or the past.
12–16	With the help and guidance of the instructors, participants shared the photos in the life story book and their life stories with other participants and their own families. Families and friends of the participants were encouraged to give feedback during sharing sessions.

Abbreviation: LSWp, life story work program.

Table 2 Demographics and baseline measures by groups

	All participants (N=60) M (SD)/# (%)	Control group (N=28) M (SD)/# (%)	Intervention group (N=32) M (SD)/# (%)	t/χ^2	P-value
Age, years	55.84 (4.63)	54.89 (4.63)	56.68 (4.49)	-1.48	0.14
Sex				0.10	0.76
Male	27 (45.5%)	12 (42.9%)	15 (46.9%)
Female	33 (55.5%)	16 (57.1%)	17 (53.1%)
Education level (in years)	2.26 (3.01)	1.52 (2.04)	3.10 (3.70)	-1.85	0.08
Communication ability	35.90 (19.88)	34.68 (18.09)	36.97 (21.57)	-0.44	0.69
Marital status				4.94	0.18
Single	54 (90.0%)	23 (82.1%)	31 (96.9%)
Married	2 (3.3%)	2 (7.1%)	0 (0%)
Divorced	2 (3.3%)	2 (7.1%)	0 (0%)
Widowed	2 (3.3%)	1 (3.6%)	1 (3.1%)
Types of service received				1.71	0.43
Assisted employment	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Integrated vocational training center	1 (1.7%)	0 (0%)	1 (3.1%)
Day care, hostel	19 (32.8%)	7 (26.9%)	12 (37.5%)
Shelter	38 (63.3%)	19 (73.1%)	19 (59.4%)
Others	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
PWI-ID	79.70 (23.95)	83.04 (24.78)	76.49 (23.18)	0.94	0.35
Standard of living	77.66 (32.92)	83.48 (29.94)	72.08 (35.26)	1.19	0.24
Personal health	69.58 (34.27)	73.91 (36.40)	65.60 (32.41)	0.84	0.41
Achievement in life	83.85 (25.35)	86.96 (27.54)	81.00 (23.36)	0.81	0.42
Personal relationships	82.55 (28.93)	87.39 (30.18)	77.92 (27.50)	1.12	0.27
Personal safety	83.96 (26.24)	83.91 (29.04)	84.00 (23.98)	-0.01	0.99
Community-connectedness	87.40 (20.63)	91.30 (22.22)	83.80 (18.78)	1.27	0.21
Future security	70.42 (32.94)	74.35 (33.82)	66.80 (32.37)	0.79	0.43
MIPQ	66.40 (11.90)	67.30 (10.62)	65.62 (13.09)	0.49	0.63
Mood	34.87 (5.37)	35.20 (4.88)	34.57 (5.85)	0.42	0.68
Interest, pleasure	31.67 (7.60)	32.79 (7.21)	30.67 (7.93)	1.00	0.32
Vineland socialization	31.60 (19.76)	33.54 (22.52)	29.91 (17.18)	0.69	0.49
Interpersonal relationships	4.80 (4.16)	4.57 (4.69)	3.47 (3.51)	0.66	0.33
Play, leisure time	5.71 (3.04)	4.93 (4.02)	5.31 (3.69)	-1.50	0.70
Coping skills	7.81 (4.02)	7.43 (4.90)	6.81 (4.45)	1.51	0.61

Notes: #, count; %, percentage in the category.

Abbreviations: M, mean value; SD, standard deviation; PWI-ID, Personal Well-being Index – Intellectual Disability; MIPQ, Mood Interest and Pleasure Questionnaire.

Table 3 Effects of LSW on participants’ mood, interest, and pleasure

	Control group			Intervention group			t/df	P-value
	Pretest (M/SD)	Posttest (M/SD)	Difference (ΔM/SD)	Pretest (M/SD)	Posttest (M/SD)	Difference (ΔM/SD)
MIPQ composite score	67.36/10.87	62.27/11.41	-5.09/9.94	65.62/13.09	65.35/14.93	–0.27/9.70	-1.76/46	0.10
Mood	35.17/4.98	34.83/5.01	−0.33/5.21	34.57/5.85	34.75/5.39	0.18/4.58	-0.38/50	0.71
Interest and pleasure	32.91/7.35	28.61/8.81	-4.30/7.08	30.67/7.94	30.74/10.16	0.07/7.72	−0.28/48	0.04

Note: ΔM, mean difference.

Abbreviations: LSW, life story work; MIPQ, Mood Interest and Pleasure Questionnaire; M, mean value; SD, standard deviation; df, degrees of freedom.

Table 4 Effects of LSW on participants’ adaptive behaviors

	Control group			Intervention group			t/df	P-value
	Pretest (M/SD)	Posttest (M/SD)	Difference (ΔM/SD)	Pretest (M/SD)	Posttest (M/SD)	Difference (ΔM/SD)
Vineland-II (adaptive behaviors)	68.85/36.83	63.26/32.65	-5.59/31.54	66.87/34.17	62.38/30.48	−4.50/28.68	-0.14/57	0.89
Communication	34.81/18.58	29.15/14.77	-5.67/17.73	36.97/21.57	29.28/13.94	-7.69/16.92	0.45/57	0.66
Socialization	34.04/22.79	34.11/20.57	0.07/19.32	29.91/17.18	33.09/20.97	3.19/20.66	-0.57/57	0.56

Note: ΔM, mean difference.

Abbreviations: LSW, life story work; M, mean value; SD, standard deviation; df, degrees of freedom.

Table 5 Effects of LSW on participants’ personal well-being

	Control group			Intervention group			t/df	P-value
	Pretest (M/SD)	Posttest (M/SD)	Difference (ΔM/SD)	Pretest (M/SD)	Posttest (M/SD)	Difference (ΔM/SD)
PWI composite score	82.04/25.68	75.24/22.61	-6.80/20.18	76.49/23.18	81.31/14.45	4.82/23.65	-1.76/43	0.09
Standard of living	83.33/31.04	83.33/24.97	0.00/28.98	72.08/35.26	83.33/25.31	11.25/42.97	-1.01/43	0.30
Personal health	72.86/37.70	64.29/31.56	-8.57/33.66	65.60/32.41	73.20/30.24	7.60/30.04	-1.72/44	0.09
Achievement in life	85.71/28.56	79.52/29.24	-6.19/30.57	81.00/23.36	85.60/25.34	4.60/30.82	-1.19/44	0.24
Personal relationships	86.19/31.38	85.24/29.77	-0.95/33.75	77.92/27.50	88.75/18.01	10.83/32.96	-1.18/43	0.24
Personal safety	82.38/29.98	72.86/30.85	-9.52/30.57	84.00/23.98	75.60/33.30	-8.40/39.97	-0.11/44	0.92
Community-connectedness	90.48/23.13	69.05/36.04	-21.43/34.97	83.80/18.78	90.00/20.00	6.20/29.91	-2.89/44	0.01
Future security	73.33/34.98	72.38/30.32	-0.95/40.61	66.80/32.37	69.20/32.78	2.40/37.67	-0.29/44	0.77

Note: ΔM, mean difference.

Abbreviations: M, mean value; SD, standard deviation; PWI, Personal Well-being Index; df, degrees of freedom.