A longitudinal cohort study of the impact of first- and both-eye cataract surgery on falls and other injuries in Vietnam

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of bilateral cataract patients before, 1–3 months after, and 1 year after cataract surgery by fall status, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Variables	Baseline (n=413)				Second assessment (n=247)				Third assessment (n=312)
	Fall (n=53)		No fall (n=360)		Fall (n=4)		No fall (n=243)		Fall (n=22)		No fall (n=290)
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Sex
Female	46	86.8	222	61.7	4	100	151	62.1	13	59.1	185	63.8
Male	7	13.2	138	38.3	0	0	92	37.9	9	40.9	105	36.2
Age (years)
50–59	11	20.8	75	20.8	0	0	58	23.9	5	22.7	54	15.6
60–69	19	35.9	151	41.9	3	75.0	99	40.7	7	31.8	107	36.9
70+	23	43.4	134	37.2	1	25.0	86	35.4	10	45.5	129	44.5
Marital status
Married	26	49.1	213	59.2	3	75.0	147	60.5	11	50.0	136	46.9
Single/widowed/divorced	27	50.9	147	40.8	1	25.0	96	39.5	11	50.0	154	53.1
Ethnicity
Kinh	50	94.3	351	97.5	4	100	234	96.3	21	95.5	282	97.2
Other	3	3.7	9	2.5	0	0	9	3.7	1	4.6	8	2.8
Lives alone
No	46	86.8	337	93.6	4	100	229	94.2	22	100	277	95.5
Yes	7	13.2	23	6.4	0	0	14	5.8	0	0	13	4.5
Education
Junior high school	44	83.0	259	71.9	3	75.0	175	72.0	18	81.8	226	77.9
Senior high school	9	17.0	101	28.1	1	25.0	68	28.0	4	18.2	64	22.1
Prescription medication
No	33	62.3	217	60.3	0	0	145	59.7	12	54.6	178	61.4
Yes	20	37.7	143	39.7	4	100	98	40.3	10	45.5	112	38.6
Comorbid condition
No	23	43.4	122	33.9	0	0	96	39.5	2	9.1	116	40.0
Yes	30	56.6	238	66.1	4	100	147	60.5	20	90.9	174	60.0

Table 2 Mean visual scores of bilateral cataract patients before and 1–3 months after cataract surgery, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

	Baseline (n=413)	Second assessment (n=247)	P-value
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
Binocular visual acuity (logMAR units)a	0.62 (0.41)	0.09 (0.19)	<0.01c
Binocular contrast sensitivity (log units)b	1.10 (0.45)	1.78 (0.26)	<0.01c
Stereopsis (log seconds of arc)a	2.78 (0.71)	2.14 (0.53)	<0.01c

Notes:

a Lower scores represent better vision

b higher scores represent better vision

c paired t-test.

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; logMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution.

Table 3 Multilevel longitudinal Poisson regression of the number of falls 1 year before and after first-eye cataract surgery, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

	IRR	95% CI	P-value
Cataract surgery
Before surgery	1
After first eye surgery	0.22	0.06–0.77	0.018*
After both surgeries	0.17	0.04–0.69	0.012*
Sex
Male	1
Female	3.13	1.53–6.40	0.002*
Age (years)	1.02	0.98–1.05	0.366
Binocular contrast sensitivity (log units)	0.40	0.17–0.97	0.042*
Binocular visual acuity (logMar)	1.04	0.45–2.42	0.930
Stereopsis (log units)	1.01	0.66–1.54	0.972
Education
Junior high school	1
Senior high school	0.73	0.36–1.45	0.363
Ethnicity
Kinh	1
Other	2.10	0.60–7.36	0.245
Marital status
Single/divorced/separated	1
Married	1.57	0.87–2.84	0.133
Lives alone
No	1
Yes	2.45	0.98–6.29	0.055
Uses medication
No	1
Yes	1.15	0.61–2.18	0.659
Comorbidity
No	1
Yes	0.79	0.41–1.53	0.491
Random part	Estimate	95% CI
Repeated-measure variance	0.71	0.37–1.37
Patient-level variance	0.65	0.31–1.35
Covariance of time and the constant	1	−1 to 1
Log likelihood	−249.75

Note:

* Significant at P<0.05.

Abbreviations: IRR, incident-rate ratio; CI, confidence interval; logMAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution.