Influence of oral health condition on swallowing and oral intake level for patients affected by chronic stroke

Figures & data

Table 1 Characterization data of the sample of elderly individuals affected by stroke

Age $\overline{\mathrm{X}}$ years (SD)	73.03 (8.59)
Sex
Female, n (%)	15 (50)
Male, n (%)	15 (50)
Compromised hemibody
Right, n (%)	10 (33.33)
Left, n (%)	20 (66.67)
Time since injury, $\overline{\mathrm{X}}$ months (SD)	37.67 (27.14)
Number of episodes of stroke
1, n (%)	21 (70)
More than 1, n (%)	9 (30)

Abbreviations: n, number; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 Recruitment and distribution flowchart.

Table 2 Distribution of elderly individuals affected by stroke, according to dental prostheses in each arch and the need of prostheses replacement

Dental prostheses
Upper, n (%)
Dentate	2 (7)
Complete prostheses	21 (70)
Partial prostheses	2 (7)
Without prostheses	5 (17)
Lower, n (%)
Dentate	0 (0)
Complete prostheses	10 (33)
Partial prostheses	4 (13)
Without prostheses	16 (53)
Need for replacement prosthesis, n (%)
No need to change	9 (30)
Partial dental prosthesis in one dental arch	4 (13)
Partial dental prosthesis in both dental arches	3 (10)
Complete dental prosthesis in one dental arch	5 (17)
Complete dental prosthesis in both dental arches	9 (30)

Abbreviation: n, number.

Table 3 Distribution of elderly individuals affected by stroke according to classification of severity rating of the swallowing disorder

Severity rating of swallowing disorder
	Stroke (n=30)
	Normal n (%)	Mild n (%)	Moderate n (%)
Liquid	5 (17)	9 (30)	16 (53)
Pudding	14 (47)	5 (17)	11 (37)
Solid	13 (43)	6 (20)	11 (37)

Abbreviation: n, number.

Table 4 Spearman correlation coefficient and P-values obtained in the correlation between the results of the oral condition and the level of oral intake, ranked according to the FOIS scale of 30 elderly individuals affected by stroke (results grouped according to hemiplegia)

FOIS
	HG		1 episode
	(n=30)		RHG (n=8)		LHG (n=11)
	Correlation	P	Correlation	P	Correlation	P
DMFT	−0.02	0.92	0.43	0.27	−0.23	0.48
Teeth present	0.11	0.55	−0.43	0.27	0.41	0.20
Need to change	−0.42	0.02*	−0.86	0.01*	−0.03	0.92

Note:

* P≤0.05.

Abbreviations: DMFT, number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth; FOIS, Functional Oral Intake Scale; HG, heterogeneous group; LHG, left hemiplegic group; n, number; RHG, right hemiplegic group.

Table 5 Comparison of the level of oral ingestion between types of dental prostheses, ranked according to the FOIS scale of 30 elderly individuals affected by stroke (results grouped according to hemiplegia)

FOIS
	HG (n=30)	RHG (n=8)	LHG (n=11)
	P	P	P
Type of dental prosthesis (upper arch)	0.17	0.45	0.01*
Type of dental prosthesis (lower arch)	0.54	0.04*	0.12

Note:

* P≤0.05.

Abbreviations: FOIS, Functional Oral Intake Scale; HG, heterogeneous group; LHG, left hemiplegic group; n, number; RHG, right hemiplegic group.

Table 6 Spearman correlation coefficient and P-values obtained in the correlation between the results of the oral condition and the degree of dysphagia of 30 elderly individuals affected by stroke (results grouped according to hemiplegia)

Degree of swallowing dysfunction
		HG		1 episode
		(n=30)		RHG (n=8)		LHG (n=11)
		Correlation	P	Correlation	P	Correlation	P
DMFT	Liquid	0.10	0.59	0.07	0.84	0.42	0.19
	Pudding	−0.11	0.95	−0.45	0.24	0.30	0.37
	Solid	0.18	0.35	−0.01	0.98	0.33	0.31
Teeth present	Liquid	−0.17	0.38	−0.07	0.84	−0.59	0.05*
	Pudding	−0.08	0.65	0.45	0.24	−0.49	0.12
	Solid	−0.19	0.34	0.01	0.98	0.41	0.20
Need to change	Liquid	−0.15	0.44	0.06	0.88	0.21	0.52
	Pudding	0.16	0.39	0.16	0.70	0.28	0.40
	Solid	0.04	0.83	0.42	0.30	0.14	0.67

Note:

* P≤0.05.

Abbreviations: DMFT, number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth; HG, heterogeneous group; LHG, left hemiplegic group; n, number; RHG, right hemiplegic group.

Table 7 Comparison of the degree of swallowing dysfunction between types of dental prostheses of 30 elderly individuals affected by stroke (results grouped according to hemiplegia)

Degree of swallowing dysfunction
		HG (n=30)	RHG (n=8)	LHG (n=11)
		P	P	P
Type of dental prosthesis (upper arch)	Liquid	0.07	0.44	0.11
	Pudding	0.27	0.16	0.41
	Solid	0.07	0.34	0.23
Type of dental prosthesis (lower arch)	Liquid	0.16	0.68	0.62
	Pudding	0.59	0.31	0.43
	Solid	0.04*	0.48	0.30

Note:

* P≤0.05.

Abbreviations: HG, heterogeneous group; LHG, left hemiplegic group; n, number; RHG, right hemiplegic group.