Association between resting heart rate and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in a community-based population study in Beijing

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample

Variables	All subjects (n=1,567)	Resting heart rate ≥75 beats/min (n=815)	Resting heart rate <75 beats/min (n=752)	P-value
Age (years)	61.03±11.22	60.76±11.14	61.32±11.3	0.33
BMI (kg/m^2)	25.19±4.67	25.39±4.38	24.98±4.95	0.082
Waist circumference (cm)	80.14±24.51	81.22±23.41	78.97±25.62	0.069
SBP (mmHg)	129.77±18.55	130.43±18.73	129.06±18.34	0.141
DBP (mmHg)	76.75±10.88	78.00±10.92	75.40±10.68	<0.001
Heart rate (beats/min)	75.39±9.97	82.83±7.15	67.33±5.19	<0.001
TC (mmol/L)	5.04±0.93	5.09±0.94	4.99±0.92	0.025
TG (mmol/L)	1.81±1.29	1.91±1.31	1.70±1.25	0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.40±0.37	1.39±0.35	1.42±0.38	0.056
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.96±0.72	2.99±0.74	2.93±0.69	0.076
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	5.41±1.68	5.67±1.97	5.13±1.23	<0.001
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	93.86±14.57	94.56±14.46	93.09±14.66	0.047
Log NT-proBNP (pg/mL)	3.61±1.24	3.54±1.24	3.69±1.25	0.014
Current smoking, n (%)	384 (24.5)	215 (26.4)	169 (22.4)	0.072
Diabetes, n (%)	303 (19.34)	184 (22.6)	119 (15.8)	0.001
Hypertension, n (%)	790 (50.4)	423 (51.9)	367 (48.8)	0.220

Notes: The following continuous variable are presented as mean ± SD deviation: BMI, height, weight, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, heart rate, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, eGFR, and Log NT-proBNP. The following categorical variables are presented as counts and percentages: current smoking, diabetes, hypertension.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass índex; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; min, minute; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total plasma cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.

Figure 1 Plasma Levels of log NT-proBNP in the high resting heart rate group and low resting heart rate group.

Abbreviation: NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide.

Figure 2 Plasma Levels of log NT-proBNP in male and female groups.

Abbreviation: NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide.

Table 2 Relationship between resting heart rate and levels of NT-proBNP

Log NT-proBNP	Resting heart rate
	PR (95% CI)	P-value
Unadjusted	0.82 (0.18–1.51)	0.011
Model 1	1.12 (0.45–1.64)	0.001
Model 2	0.82 (0.12–1.68)	0.015
Model 3	0.91 (0.18–1.72)	0.018

Notes: Data are presented as partial correlation coefficient (PR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) from linear regression analysis. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis models are as follows: model 1 is adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 is additionally adjusted for hypertension, diabetes, SBP, DBP, current smoking, BMI, waist circumference, resting heart rate, levels of plasma fasting glucose, TC, TG, HDL-C, and eGFR. Model 3 is adjusted for model 2 plus use of the following where used =1 and unused =0: aspirin, statins, β-blockers, calcium antagonists, ACE-Is, ARBs, and diuretics.

Abbreviations: ACE-Is, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin-receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; min, minute; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total plasma cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.

Table 3 Relationship between resting heart rate and levels of NT-proBNP for participants younger that 60 years of age and 60 years of age and older

Log NT-proBNP	Resting heart rate
	Beta (95% CI)	P-value
All subjects (n=1,567)	0.82 (0.18–1.51)	0.011
Age, years
≥60 (n=879)	1.28 (0.49–2.36)	0.031
<60 (n=688)	−0.06 (−0.58 to 0.60)	0.729

Notes: Data are presented as partial correlation coefficient (PR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, SBP, DBP, current smoking, BMI, waist circumference, resting heart rate, levels of plasma fasting glucose, TC, TG, HDL-C, eGFR: estimated, aspirin, statins, β-blockers, calcium antagonists, ACE-Is, ARBs, and diuretics.

Abbreviations: ACE-Is, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin-receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total plasma cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.