Association between muscle mass and adipo-metabolic profile: a cross-sectional study in older subjects

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the sample

	Women (208)	Men (82)	Total (290)
	(Mean ± SD)	(Mean ± SD)	(Mean ± SD)
Age, years	81.93±6.35	80.82±5.46	81.62±6.12
MMSE, points	18.04±5.56	18.17±5.61	18.08±5.56
Drugs, n	9.44±3.65	10.27±3.92	9.68±3.74
Height, cm*	153.70±6.50	166.30±8.65	157.30±9.11
Weight, kg*	58.38±13.72	66.78±11.81	60.72±13.69
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	24.58±5.35	24.26±4.01	24.47±4.99
Body composition DXA marker
Free fat mass, kg*	35.62±5.10	47.11±7.02	38.87±7.70
Fat mass, kg*	20.78±10.84	16.99±8.37	19.65±10.31
Gynoid fat, %*	40.85±10.93	28.52±10.35	37.31±12.08
Android fat, %*	35.85±14.31	30.67±12.24	34.34±13.90
RSMM, kg/m^2*	6.01±0.98	7.00±1.27	6.28±1.16
Metabolic biochemical marker
Folates, ng/mL	7.32±5.55	9.00±8.16	7.80±6.43
Vitamin B12, pg/mL	449.6±248.92	433.2±189.41	444.98±233.43
Homocysteine, μmol/L	19.46±7.62	19.90±6.56	19.59±7.33
Albumin, g/dL	3.57±0.48	3.537±0.52	3.56±0.49
CRP, mg/dL*	1.39±2.68	1.93±3.16	1.55±2.83
Triglycerides, mg/dL*	124.0±48.25	113.66±49.36	121.09±48.71
Cholesterol, mg/dL*	191.5±40.38	167.2±38.29	184.6±41.22
HDL-C, mg/dL*	47.12±13.43	42.52±12.15	45.82±13.22
LDL-C, mg/dL*	120.5±34.48	103.6±33.24	115.8±34.92

Notes:

* Statistically significant differences (t-test, P<0.05) between women and men.

Abbreviations: DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; CRP, C-reactive protein; RSMM, relative skeletal muscle mass; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Canonical and composite loadings of the “DXA” and “hematochemical” indicators*

	Canonical loading	Composite loading
DXA variables
Android fat	+0.406	+0.394
Fat mass	+0.384	+0.318
Gynoid fat	+0.221	+0.232
Lean mass	−0.812	−0.615
Metabolic variables
Albumin	+0.695	+0.666
Triglycerides	+0.282	+0.285
Homocysteine	+0.193	+0.153
Folates	+0.154	+0.130
Vitamin B12	+0.061	–
CRP	+0.049	–
HDL cholesterol	+0.017	–
Total cholesterol	−0.034	+0.021
LDL cholesterol	−0.092	–

Notes:

* Canonical correlation coefficient =+0.445; canonical loading is the correlation between each observed variable and each canonical variate pair; composite loading is the correlation between each observed variable and the composite variable defined by averaging the canonical variate pair.

Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.

Figure 1 Scatterplot of the AMP and RSMM index (correlation=r =0.642). AMP is a composite variable defined by averaging the canonical variate pair of DXA and hematochemical indicators.

Abbreviations: AMP, adipo-metabolic profile; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; RSMM, relative skeletal muscle mass.