Physical activity and all-cause mortality among older Brazilian adults: 11-year follow-up of the Bambuí Health and Aging Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Selected baseline characteristics of participants by physical activity level

Characteristics	Total	Energy expenditure in MET-minute/week			P-value
		Tertile 1	Tertile 2	Tertile 3
Age in years, mean (SD)	68.8 (7.0)	70.9 (7.4)^a	68.8 (7.0)^b	67.2 (6.0)^c	<0.001
Women, n (%)	833 (60.5)	274 (68.2)	307 (63.4)	252 (51.2)	<0.001
<4 education years, n (%)	872 (63.3)	255 (63.4)	329 (68.0)	288 (58.5)	0.009
Current smoking, n (%)	244 (17.7)	70 (17.4)	88 (18.2)	86 (17.5)	0.944
Alcohol consumption in the last year, n (%)	302 (21.9)	58 (14.4)	93 (19.2)	151 (30.7)	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m^2, mean (SD)	25.1 (4.9)	25.1 (5.6)	25.2 (4.7)	25.1 (4.5)	0.929
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg, mean (SD)	137.4 (22.4)	139.1 (24.9)	137.6 (21.1)	135.8 (21.2)	0.088
Total cholesterol, mg/dL, mean (SD)	233.9 (48.7)	232.5 (49.3)	236.3 (49.4)	232.6 (47.7)	0.385
Fasting glucose in mg/dL, mean (SD)	108.9 (42.9)	109.7 (37.0)	110.2 (45.3)	106.9 (44.8)	0.443
Stroke, n (%)	45 (3.3)	24 (6.0)	9 (1.9)	12 (2.4)	0.001
Angina, n (%)	125 (9.1)	38 (9.5)	42 (8.7)	45 (9.2)	0.921
Infarct, n (%)	66 (4.8)	25 (6.2)	26 (5.4)	15 (3.1)	0.066
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, mean (SD)	24.7 (4.5)	23.7 (5.2)^a	24.7 (4.3)^b	25.4 (3.8)^c	<0.001
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), pg/dL, mean (SD)	125.4 (166.0)	141.1 (214.7)^a	131.3 (156.6)^a,b	106.6 (122.3)^b	0.005

Notes: Tertile 1: 0 to 515.0 MET-minute/week; Tertile 2: 515.1 to 1,529.9 MET-minute/week; Tertile 3: 1,530.0 to 16,765.5 MET-minute/week. Pearson chi-square test for comparisons between proportion and analysis of variance (with Bonferroni adjustment) for comparison between means; the letters a, b, c refer to the statistic differences in the analysis of variance; different letters show significant differences.

Abbreviations: MET, metabolic equivalent task; n, number enrolled in group; SD, Standard Deviation.

Table 2 Number of deaths and mortality rates over 11 years, by tertiles of energy expenditure at baseline

Energy expenditure in MET-minute/week	Total		Men		Women
	Number of deaths	Mortality rate per 1,000 pyrs	Number of deaths	Mortality rates per 1,000 pyrs	Number of deaths	Mortality rates per 1,000 pyrs
Tertile 1	195	58.6	86	92.7	109	45.4
Tertile 2	175	40.5	76	50.4	99	35.1
Tertile 3	128	27.8	68	30.8	60	25.1
Total	498	40.6	230	49.5	268	35.2

Notes: Tertile 1: 0 to 515.0 MET-minute/week; Tertile 2: 515.1 to 1,529.9 MET-minute/week; Tertile 3: 1,530.0 to 16,765.5 MET-minute/week.

Abbreviations: MET, metabolic equivalent task; pyrs, person-year at risk.

Table 3 Hazard ratio for 11-year mortality, by tertiles of energy expenditure at baseline

Energy expenditure in MET-minute/week	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)	HR (95% CI)
Men
Tertile 1	1.0	1.0	1.0
Tertile 2	0.54 (0.40–0.74)	0.57 (0.42–0.77)	0.59 (0.43–0.81)
Tertile 3	0.37 (0.27–0.52)	0.41 (0.30–0.57)	0.47 (0.34–0.66)
Women
Tertile 1	1.0	1.0	1.0
Tertile 2	0.93 (0.71–1.23)	0.92 (0.70–1.21)	0.99 (0.75–1.31)
Tertile 3	0.74 (0.54–1.02)	0.74 (0.53–1.02)	0.86 (0.62–1.19)
P-value for the interaction between sex and energy expenditure	<0.02	<0.03	<0.02

Notes: Model 1 (n=1,378): adjusted by age, sex, education years and interaction term between tertiles of energy expenditure and sex. Model 2 (n=1,378): model 1 plus current smoking, alcohol consumption, and body mass index. Model 3 (n=1,378): model 2 plus systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, stroke, angina, infarct, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and levels of B-type natriuretic peptide. Tertile 1: 0 to 515.0 MET-minute/week; Tertile 2: 515.1 to 1,529.9 MET-minute/week; Tertile 3: 1,530.0 to 16,765.5 MET-minute/week.

Abbreviations: HR (95%CI), Hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals; MET, metabolic equivalent task.

Figure 1 Cumulative survival probability estimates, adjusted for all confounders, by sex and tertiles of energy expenditure.

Notes: n=1,378; Curves adjusted by age, sex, years of education, interaction term between tertiles of energy expenditure and sex, current smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, stroke, angina, infarct, Mini-Mental State Examination score and levels of B-type natriuretic peptide. First tertile: 0 to 515.0 MET-minute/week; Second tertile: 515.1 to 1,529.9 MET-minute/week; Third tertile: 1,530.0 to 16,765.5 MET-minute/week.
Abbreviation: MET, metabolic equivalent task.