Tailored antihypertensive drug therapy prescribed to older women attenuates circulating levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical and biochemical data of the study population

Parameters	Subjects (n=110)
Age (years)	68.1±6.0
BMI (kg/m^2)	28.4±4.5
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.87±0.06
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	102.3±14.0
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	217.4±40.6
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	55.0±8.7
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	132.2±37.8
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	150.3±64.6
AST (U/L)	24.0±7.3
ALT (U/L)	19.1±9.1
ALP (U/L)	176.4±63.9
Uric acid (mg/dL)	3.71±1.01
Creatinine clearance (mL/min)	74.8±21.3
Proteinuria (mg/24 h)	144.1±66.8
Serum sodium (mEq/L)	140.1±2.1
Serum potassium (mEq/L)	4.29±0.42
Baseline SBP (mmHg)	163.0±20.6
Baseline DBP (mmHg)	92.5±12.2
Endpoint SBP (mmHg)	140.9±15.4
Endpoint DBP (mmHg)	83.7±8.5
DM2	12.7

Note: Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation, except for DM2 (as percentage).

Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM2, type 2 diabetes mellitus; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; n, number; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Table 2 Effects of customized antihypertensive drug therapy on circulating levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ comparing users and nonusers of the most common antihypertensive classes

Drug class	Condition (n)	IL-6 (pg/mL)		TNF-α (pg/mL)		IFN-γ (pg/mL)
		Baseline	Endpoint	Baseline	Endpoint	Baseline	Endpoint
RAS antagonists	Users (61)	1.6±0.5	1.0±0.4	21.1±9.9	4.3±1.3*	16.5±7.8	14.9±4.3
	Nonusers (49)	2.4±1.3	0.3±0.2#	42.8±20.5	2.1±0.9*	28.5±15.3	3.5±1.7
Diuretics	Users (70)	2.6±1.0	0.9±0.4*	40.7±16.6	4.2±1.2*	22.8±10.8	7.3±3.2
	Nonusers (40)	0.7±0.2	0.3±0.2	13.4±3.5	1.9±0.9‡	20.2±11.7	14.2±4.1
Ca^2+ channel blockers	Users (27)	1.5±0.7	0.6±0.4	36.4±30.3	1.6±1.3	1.2±0.7	5.0±2.7
	Nonusers (83)	2.1±0.8	0.7±0.3*	28.9±10.2	3.9±1.0#	28.6±10.6	11.4±3.2
β-adrenergic blockers	Users (22)	0.6±0.3	1.0±0.6	11.3±4.2	6.0±2.7	43.9±27.7	16.2±9.7
	Nonusers (88)	2.3±0.8	0.6±0.3*	35.6±13.7	2.7±0.8‡	16.4±7.3	8.2±2.1

Notes: Data expressed as means ± standard error. P-values from two-related-samples Wilcoxon test.

* P<0.05;

# P<0.005;

‡ P<0.001.

Abbreviations: IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; n, number; RAS, renin–angiotensin system; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

Figure 1 General effects of customized antihypertensive drug therapy on circulating cytokine levels in a whole-group analysis (n=110).

Notes: (A) IL-6. (B) TNF-α. (C) IFN-γ. Data are expressed as means ± standard error. P-values from two-related-samples Wilcoxon test.
Abbreviations: IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.