Frailty in patients with acute coronary syndrome: comparison between tools for comprehensive geriatric assessment and the Tilburg Frailty Indicator

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the studied population

Variable	Whole group N=135
Sex
Men, n (%)	82 (60.7)
Women, n (%)	53 (39.3)
Age (years)
M ± SD	69.8±11.4
Me (Q1; Q3)	68 (60; 79)
Min–max	50–92
Age groups (years)
I: 50–59, n (%)	30 (22.2)
II: 60–74, n (%)	52 (38.5)
III: 75–89, n (%)	49 (36.3)
IV: 90–92, n (%)	4 (3.0)
BMI (kg/m^2)
M ± SD	26.9±4.6
Me (Q1; Q3)	26.4 (23.4; 30.1)
Min–max	16.4–41.1
Marital status
Married, n (%)	76 (56.3)
Single, n (%)	59 (43.7)
Education
Primary, n (%)	23 (17.0)
Vocational, n (%)	50 (37.1)
Secondary, n (%)	54 (40.0)
Higher, n (%)	8 (5.9)
Place of residence
City/town, n (%)	114 (84.4)
Village/country, n (%)	21 (15.6)
ACS severity
STEMI, n (%)	61 (45.2)
NSTEMI, n (%)	64 (47.4)
UA, n (%)	10 (7.4)
Therapeutic interventions
PCI, n (%)	100 (74.1)
Qualification for CABG, n (%)	16 (11.8)
Pharmacological treatment, n (%)	19 (14.1)
Concomitant diseasesa
Arterial hypertension, n (%)	106 (78.5)
Renal malfunction, n (%)	14 (10.4)
Diabetes, n (%)	30 (22.2)

Note:

a The ratios do not add up to 100 since some patients suffered from more than one disease.

Abbreviations: ACS, acute coronary syndrome; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; M, mean; max, maximum; min, minimum; Me, Median; (Q1;Q3), (first quartile; third quartile); NSTEMI, non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SD, standard deviation; STEMI, ST segment elevation myocardial infarction; UA, unstable angina.

Figure 1 Relationships between the TFI values and values of the ADL (A), IADL (B), HADS (C), and MMSE (D) scales.

Abbreviations: ADL, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; IADL, The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; TFI, Tilburg Frailty Indicator.

Figure 2 Relationships between the values of the physical dimension of the TFI and the values of the ADL (A) and IADL (B) scales, and between the values of the mental dimension of the TFI and the values of the HADS (C) and MMSE (D) scales.

Abbreviations: ADL, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; IADL, The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; TFI, Tilburg Frailty Indicator.

Figure 3 Statistical characteristics of the values of the ADL (A), IADL (B), HADS (C), and MMSE (D) scales in the subgroups of patients with the TFI values ≥5 and <5.

Abbreviations: ADL, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; IADL, The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; SD, standard deviation; TFI, Tilburg Frailty Indicator.

Table 2 Distribution of the number and percentage of patients with different values of the ADL, HADS, and MMSE scales in the subgroups of patients with the TFI values ≥5 and <5

Scale	TFI ≥5, n (%) (n=105)	TFI <5, n (%) (n=30)	Φ	P-value
ADL <5	24 (22.9)	1 (3.3)	0.209	0.015
ADL ≥5	81 (77.1)	29 (96.7)
IADL <12	4 (3.8)	1 (3.3)	0.010	0.903
IADL ≥12	101 (96.2)	29 (96.7)
HADS >7	81 (77.1)	10 (33.3)	0.389	<0.001
HADS ≤7	24 (22.9)	20 (66.7)
MMSE <24	38 (36.2)	2 (6.7)	0.269	0.002
MMSE ≥24	67 (63.8)	28 (93.3)

Abbreviations: ADL, Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; IADL, The Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; TFI, Tilburg Frailty Indicator.