Electromagnetic field versus circuit weight training on bone mineral density in elderly women

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the participants

Characteristics	Electromagnetic field group	Circuit weight training group
Age (year)	64.73±3.08	65.13±2.44
Weight (kg)	84.13±8.52	85.4±7.82
Height (cm)	157.73±4.23	159.26±7.14
BMI (kg/m^2)	33.76±2.56	33.86±1.86

Table 2 Circuit weight training program

Week	Warm-up (minutes)	Intensity	Recovery interval (60%–65% MHR) on treadmill (s)	Repeat	Cool down (minutes)
1	5	60%–65% of 1RM	30	1–2 sets for 10 repetitions	5
2	5	60%–65% of 1RM	30	1–2 sets for 10 repetitions	5
3	5	60%–65% of 1RM	30	1–2 sets for 10 repetitions	5
4	5	60%–65% of 1RM	30	1–2 sets for 10 repetitions	5
5	5	70%–75% of 1RM	30	3 sets for 8 repetitions	5
6	5	70%–75% of 1RM	30	3 sets for 8 repetitions	5
7	5	70%–75% of 1RM	30	3 sets for 8 repetitions	5
8	5	70%–75% of 1RM	30	3 sets for 8 repetitions	5
9	5	75%–80% of 1RM	30	3 sets for 10 repetitions	5
10	5	75%–80% of 1RM	30	3 sets for 10 repetitions	5
11	5	75%–80% of 1RM	30	3 sets for 10 repetitions	5
12	5	75%–80% of 1RM	30	3 sets for 10 repetitions	5

Abbreviations: MHR, maximum heart rate; 1RM, one-repetition maximum.

Table 3 Descriptive statistics of BMC and BMD for both groups pre- and posttreatment

Variables	Group	Pretreatment (mean ± SD)	Posttreatment (mean ± SD)
BMC of neck of femur (g)	Electromagnetic field	2.87±0.52	3.8±0.41
	Circuit weight training	2.79±0.42	2.85±0.44
BMD of neck of femur (g/cm^2)	Electromagnetic field	0.77±0.05	0.9±0.02
	Circuit weight training	0.74±0.09	0.76±0.08
BMC of trochanter (g)	Electromagnetic field	7.01±0.93	8.51±0.52
	Circuit weight training	6.67±0.94	6.76±0.99
BMD of trochanter (g/cm^2)	Electromagnetic field	0.64±0.07	0.78±0.05
	Circuit weight training	0.62±0.06	0.64±0.06
BMD of Ward’s triangle (g/cm^2)	Electromagnetic field	0.56±0.1	0.74±0.07
	Circuit weight training	0.52±0.09	0.54±0.09
BMC of L2 (g)	Electromagnetic field	12.9±2.27	15.24±1.1
	Circuit weight training	12.21±1.42	12.26±1.42
BMD of L2 (g/cm^2)	Electromagnetic field	0.93±0.16	1.24±0.15
	Circuit weight training	0.88±0.18	0.9±0.17
BMC of L3 (g)	Electromagnetic field	13.96±2.52	17.27±1.58
	Circuit weight training	13.21±2.01	13.28±2.0
BMD of L3 (g/cm^2)	Electromagnetic field	0.96±0.13	1.2±0.05
	Circuit weight training	0.92±0.15	0.94±0.15
BMC of L4 (g)	Electromagnetic field	15.88±3.11	21.53±2.47
	Circuit weight training	14.75±3.24	14.78±3.27
BMD of L4 (g/cm^2)	Electromagnetic field	0.98±0.16	1.26±0.06
	Circuit weight training	0.93±0.16	0.95±0.16

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; BMC, bone mineral content; BMD, bone mineral density.

Table 4 Results of a 2×2 mixed-model MANOVA and univariate ANOVA for BMC and BMD

Source of variance	F-value	P-value
MANOVA
Group	3.66	0.007*
Time	106.18	<0.0001*
Time × group	101.09	<0.0001*
BMC of neck of femur
Between subjects (group)	10.68	0.003**
Within subjects (time)	115.04	<0.0001**
Time × group	90.97	<0.0001**
BMD of neck of femur
Between subjects (group)	11.1	0.002**
Within subjects (time)	216.23	<0.0001**
Time × group	98.12	<0.0001**
BMC of trochanter
Between subjects (group)	11.25	0.002**
Within subjects (time)	121.7	<0.0001**
Time × group	95.18	<0.0001**
BMD of trochanter
Between subjects (group)	13.21	0.001**
Within subjects (time)	205.45	<0.0001**
Time × group	126.56	<0.0001**
BMD of Ward’s triangle
Between subjects (group)	11.87	0.002**
Within subjects (time)	149.14	<0.0001**
Time × group	93.14	<0.0001**
BMC of L2
Between subjects (group)	10.53	0.003**
Within subjects (time)	46.94	<0.0001**
Time × group	43.42	<0.0001**
BMD of L2
Between subjects (group)	10.59	0.003**
Within subjects (time)	395.63	<0.0001**
Time × group	316.95	<0.0001**
BMC of L3
Between subjects (group)	10.43	0.003**
Within subjects (time)	112.05	<0.0001**
Time × group	102.87	<0.0001**
BMD of L3
Between subjects (group)	10.89	0.003**
Within subjects (time)	95.63	<0.0001**
Time × group	64.59	<0.0001**
BMC of L4
Between subjects (group)	12.7	0.001**
Within subjects (time)	434.46	<0.0001**
Time × group	423.27	<0.0001**
BMD of L4
Between subjects (group)	12.23	0.002**
Within subjects (time)	125.99	<0.0001**
Time × group	87.74	<0.0001**

Notes:

* Significant at α=0.05;

** Significant with Bonferroni-corrected α=0.0045.

Abbreviations: MANOVA, multivariate analysis of variance; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMC, bone mineral content; BMD, bone mineral density.