Safety and feasibility of biventricular devices reuse in general and elderly population – a single-center retrospective cohort study

Figures & data

Table 1 Patient characteristics at the moment of intervention, study group versus control group

	Study group	Control group	P-value
	115 patients/127 interventions	146 patients/159 interventions
Age, mean ± SD (years)	61.69±10.09	61.03±9.40	0.571
Sex, n (%)			0.859
Male	19 (14.96%)	25 (15.72%)
Female	108 (85.03%)	134 (84.27%)
Etiology of DCM, n (%)			0.062
Idiopathic	76 (59.84%)	104 (65.40%)
Ischemic	36 (28.34%)	27 (16.98%)
Valvular	7 (5.51%)	9 (5.66%)
Myocarditis	1 (0.78%)	0 (0%)
Other	7 (5.51%)	19 (11.94%)
NYHA class, n (%)			0.649
Class II	21 (16.53%)	31 (19.49%)
Class III	83 (65.35%)	95 (59.74%)
Class IV	23 (18.11%)	32 (20.12%)
Arterial hypertension, n (%)	50 (39.37%)	73 (45.91%)	0.267
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	31 (24.40%)	30 (18.86%)	0.256
Chronic kidney disease, n (%)	78 (61.41%)	73 (45.91%)	0.009
Obesity, n (%)	31 (24.40%)	46 (28.93%)	0.392
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)	60 (47.24%)	49 (30.81%)	0.004
Conduction delay, n (%)			0.630
LBBB	96 (75.59%)	119 (78.84%)
RBBB	8 (6.29%)	7 (4.40%)
QRS width, mean ± SD (ms)	160.28±33.34	151.25±30.56	0.029
Chronic steroid use, n (%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; n, number; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; NYHA, New York Heart Association; LBBB, left bundle branch block; RBBB, right bundle branch block; RV, right ventricle; CS, coronary sinus; RA, right atrium.

Table 2 Device and intervention-related aspects, study group versus control group

	Study group	Control group	P-value
	127 devices	159 devices
Device type, n (%)			0.000
Pacemaker	80 (63%)	143 (89.94%)
Defibrillator	47 (37%)	16 (10.06%)
Lead number, n (%)			0.404
Two, RV and CS	63 (49.60%)	71 (44.65%)
Three, RV, CS, and RA	64 (50.39%)	88 (55.34%)
Implantation technique, n (%)			0.088
Cephalic vein	48 (37.79%)	46 (28.93%)
Subclavian vein	36 (28.34%)	39 (24.52%)
Double approach	43 (33.85%)	74 (46.54%)
Acute pacing threshold, mean	± SD (V)
RA	0.82±0.29	0.93±0.40	0.163
RV	0.59±0.29	0.57±0.18	0.528
CS	1.94±1.56	2.0±1.31	0.739
Acute sensing threshold, mean	± SD (mV)
RA	4.32±2.23	4.46±3.16	0.764
RV	13.98±5.49	14.06±5.22	0.913
CS	12.92±5.87	13.92±5.92	0.214
Replaced device, n (%)	34 (26.77%)	33 (20.75%)	0.233
Upgraded	20 (15.74%)	17 (10.69%)	0.206

Abbreviations: n, number; RV, right ventricle; CS, coronary sinus; RA, right atrium; SD, standard deviation.

Table 3 Patient and device characteristics at the moment of intervention, elderly subgroup versus younger subgroup

	Elderly subgroup	Younger subgroup	P-value
	69 patients/74 interventions	47 patients/53 interventions
Age, mean ± SD (years)	68.6±5.96	52.03±5.81
Sex, n (%)			0.330
Male	61 (82.43%)	47 (15.72%)
Female	13 (17.56%)	6 (84.27%)
Etiology of DCM, n (%)			0.681
Idiopathic	46 (62.16%)	30 (56.60%)
Ischemic	21 (28.37%)	15 (28.30%)
Valvular	4 (5.4%)	3 (5.66%)
Myocarditis	0 (0%)	1 (1.88%)
Other	3 (4.05%)	4 (7.54%)
NYHA class, n (%)			0.617
Class II	14 (18.91%)	7 (13.20%)
Class III	48 (64.86%)	35 (66.03%)
Class IV	12 (16.21%)	11 (20.75%)
Arterial hypertension, n (%)	32 (43.24%)	18 (33.96%)	0.291
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	20 (27.02%)	11 (20.75%)	0.417
Chronic kidney disease, n (%)	53 (71.62%)	25 (47.16%)	0.005
Obesity, n (%)	18 (24.32%)	13 (24.52%)	0.979
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)	38 (51.35%)	22 (41.50%)	0.27
Conduction delay, n (%)			0.628
LBBB	58 (78.37%)	38 (71.69%)
RBBB	4 (5.4%)	4 (7.54%)
QRS width, mean ± SD (ms)	164.75±32.17	154.34±34.29	0.110
Device type, n (%)			0.006
Pacemaker	54 (72.94%)	20 (37.73%)
Defibrillator	20 (27.02%)	27 (50.94%)
Lead number, n (%)			0.009
Two, RV and CS	44 (59.45%)	19 (35.84%)
Three, RV, CS, and RA	30 (40.54%)	34 (45.94%)
Implantation technique, n (%)			0.100
Cephalic vein	30 (40.54%)	18 (52.83%)
Subclavian vein	25 (33.78%)	12 (22.64%)
Double approach	19 (25.67%)	23 (43.39%)
Replaced device, n (%)	23 (31.08%)	11 (20.75%)	0.195
Upgraded	14 (18.91%)	6 (11.32%)	0.249

Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; n, number; DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy; NYHA, New York Heart Association; LBBB, left bundle branch block; RBBB, right bundle branch block; RV, right ventricle; CS, coronary sinus; RA, right atrium.

Table 4 Logistic regression model of resterilized devices group versus new devices group

Variable	Logistic regression P-value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Chronic kidney disease	0.331	0.51 (0.13–1.96)
Atrial fibrillation	0.120	2.9 (0.75–11.11)
QRS length	0.261	1.01 (0.99–1.03)
Device type	0.021	5.75 (1.30–25.49)

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 5 Logistic regression model of elderly patients subgroup versus young patients subgroup

Variable	Logistic regression P-value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Chronic kidney disease	0.801	0.77 (0.10–5.57)
Device type	0.161	5.17 (0.52–51.39)

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.