Acute coronary syndrome in octogenarians: association between percutaneous coronary intervention and long-term mortality

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the overall and matched cohorts; comparison between the groups treated with or not treated with PCI

	Missing (%)	Before propensity matching			After propensity matching
		No PCI (n=171)	With PCI (n=182)	P-value*	No PCI (n=71)	With PCI (n=71)	P-value*
Median age (years) (range)	0	86 (19)	83 (13)	<0.001	84 (13)	84 (13)	0.885
Male sex, n (%)	0	67 (39)	112 (61)	<0.001	35 (49)	36 (50)	0.876
Mean BMI (kg/m^2) (SD)	20	24 (4)	25 (3)	0.059	24 (4)	24 (4)	0.607
Dependency in ADL, n (%)	6	35 (13)	11 (6)	<0.001	7 (9)	6 (8)	0.851
Medical history, n (%)
Diabetes mellitus	0	34 (20)	38 (20)	0.849	16 (23)	16 (22)	0.930
Hypertension	0	117 (68)	119 (65)	0.521	51 (71)	47 (66)	0.468
Hypercholesterolemia	0.5	10 (5)	33 (18)	<0.001	8 (11)	8 (11)	1.000
Prior PCI	0.5	17 (8)	12 (6)	0.696	4 (5)	6 (9)	0.463
Heart failure	6	55 (32)	39 (21)	0.030	20 (28)	13 (18)	0.205
Stroke	0	43 (25)	21 (11)	<0.001	11 (15)	10 (14)	0.813
Clinical findings
Heart rate (bpm) (SD)	5	86 (21)	79 (24)	0.086	85 (21)	80 (15)	0.167
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)	7	42 (24)	37 (20)	0.342	17 (24)	22 (31)	0.324
SBP (mmHg), mean (SD)	6	143 (27)	150 (27)	0.528	145 (23)	147 (27)	0.659
DBP (mmHg), mean (SD)	6	82 (15)	85 (16)	0.118	83 (14)	84 (17)	0.711
Laboratory findings, mean (SD)
Hemoglobin (g/L)	10	126 (18)	133 (16)	<0.001	127 (16)	130 (17)	0.318
eGFR (mL/min)	8	41 (20)	53 (17)	<0.001	47 (21)	49 (17)	0.647
Medications at discharge (%)
Aspirin	12	119 (83)	146 (88)	0.142	56 (85)	59 (88)	0.588
Beta-blockers	12	124 (87)	152 (92)	0.121	60 (92)	63 (94)	0.692
ACEIs	3	51 (35)	89 (54)	0.001	30 (45)	40 (60)	0.081
ARBs	3	9 (6)	19 (14)	0.111	4 (6)	8 (12)	0.226

Notes:

* Comparison of differences between the groups using t-test for normally distributed continuous variables, Mann–Whitney test for non-normally distributed continuous variables, and chi-square test for categorical variables.

Abbreviations: PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; ADL, activities of daily living; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers.

Figure 1 Distribution of propensity scores in the matched and overall cohort.

Abbreviation: PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.

Table 2 Univariable+ and multivariable Cox regression analyses for relationship between PCI and long-term all-cause mortality

	Univariable		Multivariable
	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value
In overall cohort
Unadjusted	0.3 (0.2–0.4)	<0.001	–	–
Adjusted for the confounders*	–	–	0.4 (0.2–0.5)	<0.001
In matched cohort
Unadjusted	0.5 (0.3–0.7)	0.002	–	–
Adjusted for PS	–	–	0.6 (0.2–1.9)	0.003
Adjusted for PS and the confounders*	–	–	0.5 (0.2–0.9)	0.020

Notes:

+ Baseline variables including in univariable models: age, male sex, cognitive deterioration, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, uncured malignancies, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45%, estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤35 mL/min, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, mitral regurgitation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and medications at discharge with clopidogrel, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, and statins.

* Confounders including in multivariable models: age, male sex, cognitive deterioration, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45%, uncured malignancies, estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤35 mL/min, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, mitral regurgitation, and medications at discharge with clopidogrel and statins.

Abbreviations: PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; PS, propensity score.

Figure 2 Kaplan–Meier survival curves for all-cause mortality of PCI-treated patients versus non-PCI-treated patients in propensity-matched cohort.

Abbreviation: PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.

Figure 3 Cox regression survival curves for all-cause mortality of PCI-treated patients versus non-PCI-treated patients in the overall cohort (adjusted for confounders).

Abbreviation: PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.

Figure 4 Cox regression survival curves for all-cause mortality of PCI-treated patients versus non-PCI-treated patients in the matched cohort (adjusted for propensity score and confounders).

Abbreviation: PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.