Efficacy and safety of stenting for elderly patients with severe and symptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a critical meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristic of included randomized controlled trials

Study	Country	Case (T/C, n)	Mean age (T/C, years)	Sex (M/F, n)		Intervention (T/C)	Severity	Symptomatic (T/C)	Determination	Follow-up (T/C)
				T	C
Gurm et al,^Citation6	USA	167/167	72.5±8.3/72.6±8.9	111/54	112/55	CAS/CEA	>50% ICA stenosis	28%/30%	Angiography/doppler ultrasound	Final 3 years
Yadav et al^Citation7
Hoffmann et al^Citation8	Switzerland	10/10	69±8.6/71±5.9	8/2	9/1	CAS/CEA	>70% ICA stenosis	100%/100%	Angiography/doppler ultrasound	48.1±21.3/43.5±19.5 months
Steinbauer et al^Citation9	Germany	43/44	67.9±9.1/68.4±6.6	NR	NR	CAS/CEA	>70% ICA stenosis	100%/100%	Ultrasound/angiography	66±14.2/64±12.1 months
Mas et al^Citation10^–^Citation12	France	265/262	70/69	206/59	188/74	CAS/CEA	>60% ICA stenosis	100%/100%	Angiography/MRA/ultrasound	7.1 (IQR 5.1–8.8) years
SPACE^Citation13	Germany	607/589	68.1±8.2/68.7±8.7	436/171	422/167	CAS/CEA	>70% ICA stenosis	100%/100%	Ultrasound	Final 2 years
CAVATAS^Citation14	Multicenter	251/253	68/68	174/77	178/75	CAS/CEA	Determined by local criteria	91%/88%	Angiography/MRA/ultrasound	5 (IQR 2–6)/5 (2–6) months
Brooks et al^Citation15^–^Citation17	USA	53/51	70/66	NR	NR	CAS/CEA	>70% ICA stenosis	100%/100%	Angiography	>10 years
ICSS^Citation18	UK	853/857	70±9	601/252	606/251	CAS/CEA	>50% ICA stenosis	100%/100%	Doppler ultrasound	4.2 (IQR 3.0–5.2) years
Silver,^Citation19	USA and	1,262/1,240	68.9±9.0/69.2±8.7	806/456	832/408	CAS/CEA	>50% ICA stenosis	53.9%/53.7%	Angiography/ultrasonography/MRA	Median 2.5 years
Brott et al^Citation20	Canada

Note: Multicenter indicates countries all around the world.

Abbreviations: C, control group; CAS, carotid artery stenting; CEA, carotid artery endarterectomy; ICA, internal carotid artery; F, female; IQR, inter-quartile range; M, male; MRA, magnetic resonance angiogram; NR, not reported; T, treatment group.

Figure 1 Flow diagram of trials selection.

Abbreviation: RCTs, randomized controlled trials.

Figure 2 Summary of methodological quality assessment results.

Figure 3 Meta-analysis of periprocedural and postprocedural death.

Abbreviations: M–H, Mantel–Haenszel; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 4 Meta-analysis of periprocedural and postprocedural stroke.

Abbreviations: M–H, Mantel–Haenszel; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 5 Meta-analysis of periprocedural and postprocedural myocardial infarction.

Abbreviations: M–H, Mantel–Haenszel; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 6 Meta-analysis of periprocedural disabling stroke and death.

Abbreviations: M–H, Mantel–Haenszel; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 7 Meta-analysis of other periprocedural complications.

Abbreviations: M–H, Mantel–Haenszel; CI, confidence interval.

Figure 8 Inverted funnel plots indicating low risks of publication bias.

Notes: (A) Death; (B) stroke.
Abbreviations: RR, risk ratio; SE, standard error.

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