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Clinical Epidemiology Volume 9, 2017 - Issue
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Original Research

Assessment of channeling bias among initiators of glucose-lowering drugs: A UK cohort study

Mikkel Z Ankarfeldt1 Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark;2 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the NetherlandsCorrespondence[email protected]
,
Brian L Thorsted1 Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
,
Rolf HH Groenwold2 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;3 Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
,
Erpur Adalsteinsson1 Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
,
M Sanni Ali2 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;3 Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;4 Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
&
Olaf H Klungel2 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands;3 Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Pages 19-30 | Published online: 18 Jan 2017

Figures & data

Figure 1 Propensity score over time for GLP-1 versus basal insulin initiators.

Notes: Blue: GLP-1, red: insulin.
Abbreviation: GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs.
Figure 1 Propensity score over time for GLP-1 versus basal insulin initiators.

Figure 2 Propensity score over time for DPP-4i versus sulfonylurea initiators.

Notes: Blue: DPP-4i, red: insulin.
Abbreviation: DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.
Figure 2 Propensity score over time for DPP-4i versus sulfonylurea initiators.

Figure 3 Relative mean difference in change in HbA1C and weight (95% CI), GLP-1 (reference group) versus basal insulin initiator in the PP cohort adjusted for baseline HbA1c and weight, respectively.

Notes: Gray: crude analyses, black: propensity score-matched patients. (A) HbA1c. (B) weight.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; PP, per-protocol.
Figure 3 Relative mean difference in change in HbA1C and weight (95% CI), GLP-1 (reference group) versus basal insulin initiator in the PP cohort adjusted for baseline HbA1c and weight, respectively.

Figure 4 Relative mean difference in change in HbA1C and weight (95% CI), DPP-4i (reference group) versus sulfonylurea initiator in the PP cohort adjusted for baseline HbA1c and weight, respectively.

Notes: Gray: crude analyses, black: propensity score-matched patients. (A) HbA1c. (B) weight.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; PP, per-protocol.
Figure 4 Relative mean difference in change in HbA1C and weight (95% CI), DPP-4i (reference group) versus sulfonylurea initiator in the PP cohort adjusted for baseline HbA1c and weight, respectively.

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