Sociodemographic characteristics of nonparticipants in the Danish colorectal cancer screening program: a nationwide cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart of individuals invited to participate in colorectal cancer screening in 2014.

Abbreviation: CRC, colorectal cancer.

Figure 2 Overall nonparticipation in percent by sociodemographic groups for men and women, respectively.

Notes: *Including social security, unemployment benefit, and sick leave. **Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development–adjusted household income.

Table 1 Characteristics of men and women participants and overall nonparticipants

	Men		Women
	Participants	Nonparticipants	Participants	Nonparticipants
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Total	80,028	45,892	91,512	37,880
Age (years)
Mean (years)	62.4	61.1	62.2	62.1
50–54	14,352 (17.9)	11,118 (24.2)	17,376 (19.0)	7,989 (21.1)
55–59	16,774 (21.0)	11,073 (24.1)	19,789 (21.6)	8,274 (21.8)
60–64	17,061 (21.3)	9,243 (20.1)	19,292 (21.1)	7,318 (19.3)
65–69	19,507 (24.4)	8,644 (18.8)	21,264 (23.2)	7,969 (21.0)
70–74	12,334 (15.4)	5,814 (12.7)	13,791 (15.1)	6,330 (16.7)
Ethnicity
Danish	75,272 (94.1)	41,666 (91.0)	86,259 (94.3)	3,340 (90.8)
Western immigrants	2,141 (2.7)	1,675 (3.7)	2,548 (2.8)	1,414 (3.7)
Non-western immigrants	2,548 (3.2)	2,466 (5.4)	2,664 (2.9)	2,085 (5.5)
Marital status
Married/registered partnership	57,689 (72.2)	23,504 (51.3)	59,633 (65..2)	18,645 (49.3)
Cohabiting	6,285 (7.9)	4,504 (9.8)	6,440 (7.0)	3,025 (8.0)
Living alone	15,987 (20.0)	17,799 (38.9)	25,398 (27.8)	16,169 (42.7)
Occupation
Self-employed/chief executive	8,088 (10.1)	4,279 (9.3)	3,547 (3.9)	1,447 (3.8)
Employed	34,450 (43.1)	18,604 (40.5)	38,527 (42.1)	13,369 (35.3)
Social welfare benefits*	5,058 (6.3)	6,148 (13.4)	7,945 (8.7)	5,766 (15.2)
Retired	31,697 (39.6)	15,743 (34.3)	40,155 (43.9)	16,286 (43.0)
Other	733 (0.9)	1,111 (2.4)	1,338 (1.5)	1,011 (2.7)
Education (years)
≤10	56,330 (71.7)	33,753 (76.4)	61,702 (68.5)	26,575 (72.6)
11–15	3,392 (4.3)	1,522 (3.5)	3,149 (3.5)	1,038 (2.8)
>15	18,807 (24.0)	8,904 (20.2)	25,224 (28.0)	8,993 (24.6)
Income**
Low tertile	20,343 (25.4)	18,826 (41.0)	28,325 (31.0)	17,249 (45.5)
Middle tertile	27,739 (34.7)	14,138 (30.8)	31,438 (34.4)	11,417 (30.1)
High tertile	31,946 (39.9)	12,928 (28.2)	31,749 (34.7)	9,214 (24.3)
Region of residence
Capital Region of Denmark	23,078 (28.9)	15,966 (34.9)	28,104 (30.7)	13,761 (36.4)
North Denmark Region	10,571 (13.2)	5,344 (11.7)	11,324 (12.4)	4,424 (11.7)
Central Denmark Region	16,522 (20.7)	8,356 (18.2)	18,116 (19.8)	6,734 (17.8)
Region of Southern Denmark	21,826 (27.3)	11,351 (24.8)	24,789 (27.1)	9,004 (23.8)
Region Zealand	7,964 (10.0)	4,790 (10.5)	9,138 (10.0)	3,916 (10.4)
Type of nonparticipation
Active		3,818 (8.3)		4,872 (12.9)
Passive		42,074 (91.7)		33,008 (87.1)

Notes:

* Including social security, unemployment benefit, and sick leave.

** Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development–adjusted household income. All differences between participants and nonparticipants were statistically significant (p<0.001).

Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and overall nonparticipation compared with participation for men and women, respectively

	Men		Women
	Unadjusted PR (95% CI)	Adjusted PR*** (95% CI)	Unadjusted PR (95% CI)	Adjusted PR*** (95% CI)
Age (years)
50–54	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
55–59	0.91 (0.89–0.93)	0.94 (0.92–0.96)	0.94 (0.91–0.96)	0.94 (0.91–0.96)
60–64	0.80 (0.79–0.82)	0.85 (0.83–0.87)	0.87 (0.85–0.90)	0.86 (0.84–0.89)
65–69	0.70 (0.69–0.72)	0.77 (0.75–0.79)	0.87 (0.84–0.89)	0.89 (0.86–0.92)
70–74	0.73 (0.72–0.75)	0.78 (0.75–0.80)	1.00 (0.97–1.03)	0.97 (0.93–1.01)
Ethnicity
Danish	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Western immigrants	1.23 (1.19–1.28)	1.03 (0.99–1.08)	1.25 (1.20–1.31)	1.11 (1.05–1.16)
Non-western immigrants	1.38 (1.34–1.42)	1.07 (1.04–1.11)	1.54 (1.49–1.59)	1.16 (1.12–1.21)
Marital status
Living alone	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Cohabiting	0.79 (0.77–0.81)	0.88 (0.86–0.90)	0.82 (0.80–0.85)	0.91 (0.88–0.94)
Married/registered partnership	0.55 (0.54–0.56)	0.66 (0.65–0.67)	0.61 (0.60–0.62)	0.71 (0.70–0.72)
Occupation
Employed	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Self-employed/chief executive	0.99 (0.96–1.01)	1.05 (1.02–1.08)	1.12 (1.07–1.18)	1.13 (1.08–1.19)
Social welfare recipients*	1.56 (1.53–1.60)	1.07 (1.05–1.10)	1.63 (1.59–1.67)	1.28 (1.25–1.32)
Retired	0.95 (0.93–0.96)	0.90 (0.87–0.92)	1.12 (1.10–1.14)	0.95 (0.92–0.98)
Other	1.71 (1.65–1.79)	1.20 (1.15–1.26)	1.67 (1.59–1.75)	1.42 (1.35–1.50)
Education (years)
≤10	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
11–15	0.83 (0.79–0.86)	0.87 (0.84–0.91)	0.82 (0.78–0.87)	0.88 (0.84–0.93)
>15	0.86 (0.84–0.87)	0.98 (0.96–1.00)	0.87 (0.86–0.89)	0.97 (0.95–0.99)
Income**
Low tertile	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Middle tertile	0.70 (0.69–0.71)	0.76 (0.74–0.77)	0.70 (0.69–0.72)	0.77 (0.76–0.79)
High tertile	0.60 (0.59–0.61)	0.64 (0.62–0.65)	0.59 (0.58–0.61)	0.68 (0.67–0.70)
Region of residence
Capital Region of Denmark	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
North Denmark Region	0.82 (0.80–0.84)	0.84 (0.82–0.86)	0.85 (0.83–0.88)	0.88 (0.85–0.90)
Central Denmark Region	0.82 (0.80–0.84)	0.85 (0.83–0.87)	0.82 (0.80–0.85)	0.86 (0.84–0.88)
Region of Southern Denmark	0.84 (0.82–0.85)	0.85 (0.84–0.87)	0.81 (0.79–0.83)	0.82 (0.80–0.84)
Region Zealand	0.92 (0.90–0.94)	0.95 (0.92–0.97)	0.91 (0.89–0.94)	0.94 (0.91–0.97)

Notes:

* Including social security, unemployment benefit, and sick leave.

** Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development–adjusted household income.

*** Adjusted for age, ethnicity, marital status, education, occupation, income, and region of residence.

Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and active nonparticipation compared with participation for men and women, respectively

	Men		Women
	Unadjusted PR (95% CI)	Adjusted PR*** (95% CI)	Unadjusted PR (95% CI)	Adjusted PR*** (95% CI)
Age (years)
50–54	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
55–59	1.18 (1.04–1.33)	1.15 (1.01–1.32)	1.24 (1.11–1.39)	1.20 (1.07–1.35)
60–64	1.55 (1.38–1.74)	1.40 (1.23–1.59)	1.69 (1.52–1.88)	1.43 (1.28–1.61)
65–69	1.91 (1.71–2.14)	1.66 (1.44–1.93)	2.25 (2.04–2.49)	1.85 (1.62–2.12)
70–74	2.66 (2.37–2.97)	2.12 (1.81–2.47)	2.98 (2.69–3.30)	2.26 (1.97–2.59)
Ethnicity
Danish	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Western immigrants	1.79 (1.55–2.07)	1.10 (0.92–1.33)	1.42 (1.24–1.63)	1.12 (0.96–1.31)
Non-western immigrants	1.04 (0.87–1.24)	0.74 (0.61–0.91)	0.72 (0.59–0.87)	0.56 (0.45–0.71)
Marital status
Living alone	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Cohabiting	0.44 (0.39–0.51)	0.58 (0.50–0.66)	0.49 (0.43–0.56)	0.63 (0.55–0.72)
Married/registered partnership	0.41 (0.38–0.43)	0.49 (0.45–0.52)	0.57 (0.54–0.60)	0.65 (0.61–0.69)
Occupation
Employed	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Self-employed/chief executive	1.03 (0.88–1.20)	0.97 (0.83–1.14)	1.38 (1.16–1.65)	1.29 (1.08–1.55)
Social welfare recipients*	4.51 (4.06–5.00)	4.12 (3.64–4.66)	2.79 (2.53–3.07)	2.68 (2.41–2.98)
Retired	2.83 (2.61–3.06)	2.17 (1.91–2.46)	2.58 (2.41–2.77)	1.61 (1.45–1.80)
Other	5.48 (4.51–6.64)	4.05 (3.18–5.15)	3.55 (3.00–4.21)	3.11 (2.57–3.78)
Education (years)
≤10	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
11–15	0.66 (0.54–0.79)	0.75 (0.62–0.90)	0.75 (0.63–0.89)	0.88 (0.74–1.05)
>15	0.79 (0.73–0.86)	0.83 (0.76–0.91)	0.77 (0.72–0.83)	0.88 (0.82–0.94)
Income**
Low tertile	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
Middle tertile	0.47 (0.44–0.51)	0.80 (0.74–0.87)	0.60 (0.57–0.65)	0.87 (0.81–0.94)
High tertile	0.52 (0.48–0.56)	1.28 (1.15–1.42)	0.56 (0.52–0.60)	1.08 (0.98–1.18)
Region of residence
Capital Region of Denmark	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)	1 (ref)
North Denmark Region	0.73 (0.66–0.81)	0.76 (0.69–0.85)	0.87 (0.80–0.95)	0.90 (0.82–0.98)
Central Denmark Region	0.61 (0.56–0.67)	0.64 (0.58–0.71)	0.64 (0.58–0.70)	0.66 (0.61–0.72)
Region of Southern Denmark	0.74 (0.69–0.80)	0.77 (0.70–0.83)	0.79 (0.74–0.85)	0.80 (0.74–0.86)
Region Zealand	0.75 (0.67–0.84)	0.77 (0.69–0.87)	0.77 (0.69–0.85)	0.77 (0.69–0.85)

Notes:

* Including social security, unemployment benefit, and sick leave.

** Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development–adjusted household income.

*** Adjusted for age, ethnicity, marital status, education, occupation, income, and region of residence.