Decline of kidney function during the pre-dialysis period in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart for the study selection of publications on kidney function decline during the pre-dialysis period in CKD 3–5 cohorts and dialysis-based studies.

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; mGFR, measured GFR.

Table 1 Characteristics of included CKD 3–5 cohorts and dialysis-based studies

Characteristics	CKD 3–5 cohorts (n=43)	Dialysis-based studies (n=17)
Total participants	67,668	35,282
Participants per study (range)	62–26,246	63–18,874
Mean age, years (range)	42–73a	56–69
% Male (range)	42–97	53–98
% Diabetes (range)	0–100b	20–100c
Kidney function measure
CKD-EPI	4	2
MDRD	31	10
Cockcroft–Gault	2	1
Other	6d	4
Mean follow-up period until dialysis initiation or end of follow-up, years (range)	0.4–8.2e	0.2–4.1f
Mean baseline eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m^2 (range)	10–45g	6–35h

Notes: Data are presented as number or range.

a One study did not report mean age, but median without variance.

b Six studies did not report % diabetes.

c Four studies did not report % diabetes.

d In two studies, the used eGFR measure was unclear, is counted as kidney function measure of the “other” category.

e For 15 studies, mean follow-up period was unclear (7 reported median, 6 only planned follow-up period, in 2 studies, follow-up period was not available for patients included in the meta-analysis).

f For seven studies, mean follow-up period was unclear.

g For two studies, mean baseline eGFR was unclear.

h For seven studies, mean baseline eGFR was unclear.

Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; CKD-EPI, chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease.

Figure 2 Random-effects meta-analyses of weighted annual eGFR decline during the pre-dialysis period based on CKD 3–5 cohorts or dialysis-based studies.

Notes: Weights are from random effects analysis. Higher values denote higher decline rate.
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.