Demographic shift disproportionately increases cancer burden in an aging nation: current and expected incidence and mortality in Hungary up to 2030

Figures & data

Table 1 Distribution of cancer incidence (A) and mortality (B). Incidence and mortality values represent the period 2006–2015

(A)				(B)
Incidence				Mortality
Males		Females		Males		Females
Lung and bronchus	19.3%	Breast	20.9%	Lung and bronchus	30.5%	Lung and bronchus	19.7%
Colorectal	15.0%	Colorectal	13.2%	Colorectal	15.0%	Colorectal	14.2%
Prostate	11.0%	Lung and bronchus	12.3%	Oral cavity and pharynx	6.8%	Breast	14.2%
Oral cavity and pharynx	7.5%	Corpus uteri	4.0%	Prostate	6.6%	Pancreas	6.5%
Bladder	5.8%	Ovary	3.6%	Stomach	5.3%	Stomach	4.9%
Stomach	3.8%	Pancreas	3.6%	Pancreas	5.0%	Ovary	4.7%
Kidney	3.4%	Melanoma of skin	3.2%	Bladder	3.4%	Leukemia	3.0%
Pancreas	3.3%	Cervix uteri	3.1%	Liver	2.8%	Gallbladder and biliary tract	2.9%
Larynx	2.8%	Stomach	3.0%	Esophagus	2.7%	Cervix uteri	2.8%
Melanoma of skin	2.7%	Bladder	2.7%	Larynx	2.6%	Brain	2.0%
Brain	2.6%	Oral cavity and pharynx	2.7%	Leukemia	2.6%	Oral cavity and pharynx	1.9%
Leukemia	2.5%	Kidney	2.6%	Kidney	2.4%	Kidney	1.9%
Liver	2.5%	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	2.5%	Brain	1.7%	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	1.9%
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	2.2%	Brain	2.5%	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	1.6%	Liver	1.8%
Esophagus	1.9%	Leukemia	2.4%	Gallbladder and biliary tract	1.2%	Bladder	1.8%
Soft tissue	1.8%	Soft tissue	2.0%	Melanoma of skin	1.1%	Corpus uteri	1.8%
Testis	1.6%	Gallbladder and biliary tract	1.9%	Multiple myeloma	0.7%	Melanoma of skin	1.0%
Gallbladder and biliary tract	1.2%	Liver	1.8%	Testis	0.3%	Multiple myeloma	1.0%
Bones and joints	1.0%	Thyroid	1.4%	Bones and joints	0.1%	Esophagus	0.7%
Thyroid	0.4%	Bones and joints	0.9%	Hodgkin lymphoma	0.1%	Larynx	0.4%
Other	7.6%	Other	9.5%	Other	7.6%	Bones and joints	0.1%
All sites	100%	All sites	100%	All sites	100%	Hodgkin lymphoma	0.1%
						Other	10.8%
						All sites	100%

Figure 1 Upcoming shift in population age distribution increases the number of new cancer cases.

Note: Population age distribution in female (A) and male (B), cancer incidence rates in female (C) and male (D), and mortality in women (E) and men (F).

Figure 2 Standardized cancer rates remain steady while a positive gain in annual percent change (APC) leads to increasing crude rates.

Notes: Trends in cancer incidence (A) and mortality (B). Male and female Hungarian crude rates of incidence and mortality are compared to age-standardized rates based on the 2013 European Standard population (ESP 2013). Solid lines represent actual data while dashed lines express data estimated by the age-period-cohort model. Every x-value represents a 5-year bin. Mean annual percent change in crude rates of male and female incidence (C) and mortality (D) modeled by joinpoint regression analysis. Positive APC values represent increase, negative values decrease in mortality rates.
Abbreviation: n.s., not significant.

Figure 3 Trends in incidence (A and B) and mortality (C and D) in the five most common cancers by sex.

Notes: Solid lines represent crude rates, dashed lines represent rates age-adjusted to the 2013 ESP. For 2020, 2025, 2030 data are estimated by the age-period-cohort model.
Abbreviation: ESP, European Standard population.

Table 2 Mean annual percent change (APC) and 95% CI by sex in crude rate of incidence (A) and mortality (B) by site and time

(A)						(B)
APC, incidence in men (lower CI–upper CI)			APC, incidence in women (lower CI–upper CI)			APC, mortality in men (lower CI–upper CI)				APC, mortality in women (lower CI–upper CI)
Site	2001–2014	2015–2030	Site	2001–2014	2015–2030	Site	1996–2005	2006–2015	2016–2030	Site	1996–2005	2006–2015	2016–2030
Lung and bronchus	−0.7* (−0.9 to −0.5)	−0.7* (−0.9 to −0.5)	Breast	1.5 (−0.6 to 3.7)	1.9* (1.6 to 2.2)	Pancreas	0.3 (−1.0 to 1.6)	1.9* (1.7 to 2.1)	1.9* (1.7 to 2.1)	Pancreas	2.1* (2.0 to 2.3)	2.1* (2.0 to 2.3)	2.1* (2.0 to 2.3)
Colorectal	2.1* (1.9 to 2.3)	2.1* (1.9 to 2.3)	Colorectal	1.3* (1.1 to 1.5)	1.3* (1.1 to 1.5)	Oral cavity and pharynx	1.0* (0.2 to 1.8)	−1.8* (−2.0 to −1.6)	−1.8* (−2.0 to −1.6)	Oral cavity and pharynx	3.4* (0.1 to 6.8)	1.2* (0.8 to 1.6)	1.2* (0.8 to 1.6)
Prostate	3.6* (3.1 to 4.1)	3.6* (3.1 to 4.1)	Lung and bronchus	1.7* (1.4 to 1.9)	1.7* (1.4 to 1.9)	Lung and bronchus	−0.1 (−0.2 to 0.0)	−0.1 (−0.2 to 0.0)	−0.1 (−0.2 to 0.0)	Lung and bronchus	2.4* (1.7 to 3.1)	3.9* (2.9 to 5.0)	2.1* (1.8 to 2.4)
Oral cavity and pharynx	−0.7* (−1.0 to −0.4)	−0.7* (−1.0 to −0.4)	Corpus uteri	2.1* (1.7 to 2.4)	2.1* (1.7 to 2.4)	Colorectal	1.0* (0.7 to 1.2)	1.0* (0.7 to 1.2)	2.5* (1.6 to 3.4)	Colorectal	2.4* (1.7 to 3.1)	3.9* (2.9 to 5.0)	2.1* (1.8 to 2.4)
Bladder	2.5* (2.2 to 2.9)	2.5* (2.2 to 2.9)	Cervix uteri	−0.8 (−2.8 to 1.2)	0.5 (−0.9 to 1.9)	Stomach	−2.3* (−2.7 to −1.9)	−2.3* (−2.7 to −1.9)	1 (−0.6 to 2.5)	Stomach	−3.1* (−4.0 to −2.1)	−0.2 (−0.6 to 0.2)	0.2 (−0.3 to 0.7)
Stomach	−0.2 (−0.6 to 0.1)	−0.2 (−0.6 to 0.1)	Ovary	1.4 (−0.3 to 3.2)	0.8* (0.3 to 1.3)	Gallbladder and biliary tract	−1.6* (−2.3 to −0.9)	0 (−0.5 to 0.5)	2.0* (1.3 to 2.7)	Gallbladder and biliary tract	−3.8* (−4.5 to −3.1)	−1.7* (−2.2 to −1.2)	0 (−0.7 to 0.7)
Kidney	2.4* (2.0 to 2.7)	2.4* (2.0 to 2.7)	Stomach	0.1 (−0.2 to 0.4)	0.1 (−0.2 to 0.4)	Leukemia	−0.6 (−1.3 to 0.0)	0.3 (−0.1 to 0.7)	1.5* (0.9 to 2.2)	Leukemia	0 (−0.5 to 0.5)	0.1 (−0.3 to 0.6)	1.4* (0.3 to 2.4)
Pancreas	2.6* (2.2 to 2.9)	2.6* (2.2 to 2.9)	Pancreas	4.3* (3.2 to 5.4)	3.0* (2.5 to 3.4)	Liver	−0.1 (−1.6 to 1.3)	2.5* (0.7 to 4.2)	1.0* (0.3 to 1.6)	Liver	−3.2* (−4.3 to −2.0)	−0.1 (−0.7 to 0.6)	2.5* (1.5 to 3.4)
Larynx	−1.2* (−1.7 to −0.8)	−1.2* (−1.7 to −0.8)	Oral cavity and pharynx	2.7* (0.1 to 5.4)	1.5* (0.9 to 2.1)	Bladder	−0.2 (−1.3 to 0.9)	2.3* (1.9 to 2.7)	2.6* (2.1 to 3.0)	Bladder	2.3* (2.0 to 2.6)	2.3* (2.0 to 2.6)	2.3* (2.0 to 2.6)
Brain	0.8* (0.5 to 1.1)	0.8* (0.5 to 1.1)	Brain	0.7* (0.3 to 1.2)	0.7* (0.3 to 1.2)	Larynx	−1.2* (−1.4 to −0.9)	−1.2* (−1.4 to −0.9)	−1.2* (−1.4 to −0.9)	Breast	−0.9 (−2.3 to 0.5)	1.1* (0.9 to 1.3)	1.1* (0.9 to 1.3)
Leukemia	2.3* (1.9 to 2.7)	2.3* (1.9 to 2.7)	Melanoma of skin	4.6* (1.5 to 7.9)	2.6* (2.2 to 2.3)	Esophagus	−1.5* (−1.8 to −1.2)	−1.5* (−1.8 to −1.2)	−1.5* (−1.8 to −1.2)	Ovary	1.4* (1.2 to 1.5)	1.4* (1.2 to 1.5)	1.4* (1.2 to 1.5)
Melanoma of skin	6.0* (4.2 to 7.9)	3.1* (2.3 to 3.9)	Bladder	2.9* (2.5 to 3.3)	2.9* (2.5 to 3.3)	Bones and joints	−8.0* (−12.8 to −2.9)	−5.0* (−9.6 to −0.3)	−2.4* (−4.4 to −0.2)	Cervix uteri	−2.1* (−2.9 to 1.3)	0.2 (−0.3 to 1.7)	1.4* (0.8 to 2.0)
Liver	4.1* (2.7 to 5.4)	1.9* (1.3 to 2.6)	Leukemia	1.6* (1.2 to 2.0)	1.6* (1.2 to 2.0)	Kidney	−0.6 (−1.5 to 0.3)	1.4* (1.1 to 1.8)	1.7* (1.3 to 2.1)	Corpus uteri	−3.8 (−8.3 to 0.8)	3.7* (1.2 to 6.2)	−0.4 (−1.7 to 1.0)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	2.6* (2.2 to 3.0)	2.6* (2.2 to 3.0)	Kidney	2.3* (2.0 to 2.6)	2.3* (2.0 to 2.6)	Prostate	−1.3* (−1.8 to −0.8)	0.6* (0.3 to 0.9)	3.0* (2.6 to 3.5)	Brain	−2.0* (−3.2 to 0.9)	0.4 (−0.3 – 1.0)	1.6* (0.8 to 2.4)
Esophagus	−0.8* (−1.2 to −0.4)	−0.8* (−1.2 to −0.4)	Gallbladder and biliary tract	0.7* (0.7 to 1.2)	0.7* (0.7 to 1.2)	Testis	−0.3 (−1.2 to 0.6)	−0.3 (−1.2 to 0.6)	−0.3 (−1.2 to 0.6)	Kidney	−1.7 (−3.5 to 0.1)	2.1* (1.4 to 2.8)	2.6* (1.8 to 3.3)
Testis	2.0* (1.1 to 2.8)	0.3 (−0.3 to −0.9)	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	4.2* (3.3 to 5.0)	2.6* (1.3 to 3.8)	Brain	−2.6* (−4.1 to −1.0)	0.9* (0.3 to 1.6)	1.4* (0.6 to 2.1)	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	0.3 (−3.2 to 3.9)	1.0* (0.6 to 1.3)	1.0* (0.6 to 1.3)
Gallbladder and biliary tract	2.4* (1.9 to 3.0)	2.4* (1.9 to 3.0)	Liver	2.1* (1.6 to 2.6)	2.1* (1.6 to 2.6)	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	−0.2 (−1.1 to 0.7)	0.7* (0.1 to 1.3)	1.8* (0.9 to 2.6)	Multiple myeloma	−0.4 (−5.0 to 4.3)	1.9* (1.3 to 2.6)	1.9* (1.3 to 2.6)
Soft tissue	5.9* (3.3 to 8.6)	2.3* (1.2 to 3.5)	Soft tissue	5.6* (2.7 to 8.7)	1.7* (0.6 to 2.8)	Hodgkin lymphoma	−8.7* (−11.6 to −5.7)	−1.2 (−3.0 to 0.7)	2.8* (0.2 to 5.5)	Melanoma of skin	1.1* (0.5 to 1.6)	1.1* (0.5 to 1.6)	1.1* (0.5 to 1.6)
Bones and joints	0.1 (−0.6 to 0.7)	0.1 (−0.6 to 0.7)	Thyroid	4.2* (1.2 to 7.3)	2.5* (1.8 to 3.3)	Multiple myeloma	−0.8 (−10.7 to 10.2)	1.5* (0.6 to 2.5)	1.5* (0.6 to 2.5)	Bones and joints	−6.7* (−7.8 to −5.6)	−6.7* (−7.8 to −5.6)	−6.7* (−7.8 to −5.6)
Thyroid	3.2* (2.7 to 3.7)	3.2* (2.7 to 3.7)	Bones and joints	0.1 (−0.5 to 0.7)	0.1 (−0.5 to 0.7)	Melanoma of skin	1.9* (1.5 to 2.2)	1.9* (1.5 to 2.2)	1.9* (1.5 to 2.2)

Notes: Positive APC values represent increase while negative values decrease in yearly incidence rates.

* APC is significantly different from zero at p < 0.05.

Abbreviations: APC, annual percent change; CI, confidence interval

Table 3 Ranking of incidence (A) and mortality (B) by expected percentages of the top 10 tumor types in males and females in 2020, 2025, and 2030

(A)					(B)
Incidence					Mortality
	Males		Females			Males		Females
2020	Colorectal	16%	Breast	19%	2020	Lung and bronchus	29%	Lung and bronchus	22%
	Lung and bronchus	16%	Colorectal	12%		Colorectal	17%	Colorectal	14%
	Prostate	14%	Lung and bronchus	11%		Prostate	8%	Breast	14%
	Bladder	7%	Corpus uteri	4%		Pancreas	6%	Pancreas	7%
	Oral cavity and pharynx	6%	Pancreas	4%		Oral cavity and pharynx	6%	Ovary	5%
	Kidney	4%	Ovary	3%		Stomach	5%	Stomach	4%
	Pancreas	4%	Melanoma of skin	3%		Bladder	4%	Leukemia	3%
	Melanoma of skin	3%	Bladder	3%		Liver	3%	Cervix uteri	3%
	Stomach	3%	Cervix uteri	3%		Leukemia	3%	Gallbladder and biliary tract	2%
	Leukemia	3%	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	3%		Kidney	3%	Kidney	2%
	Other	24%	Other	35%		Other	17%	Other	24%
2025	Colorectal	17%	Breast	20%	2025	Lung and bronchus	28%	Lung and bronchus	23%
	Prostate	16%	Colorectal	12%		Colorectal	19%	Colorectal	14%
	Lung and bronchus	14%	Lung and bronchus	11%		Prostate	9%	Breast	14%
	Bladder	7%	Pancreas	4%		Pancreas	6%	Pancreas	7%
	Oral cavity and pharynx	6%	Corpus uteri	4%		Stomach	5%	Ovary	5%
	Kidney	4%	Melanoma of skin	3%		Oral cavity and pharynx	5%	Stomach	4%
	Pancreas	4%	Ovary	3%		Bladder	5%	Leukemia	3%
	Melanoma of skin	4%	Bladder	3%		Liver	3%	Cervix uteri	3%
	Stomach	3%	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	3%		Leukemia	3%	Kidney	2%
	Leukemia	3%	Kidney	3%		Kidney	3%	Gallbladder and biliary tract	2%
	Other	23%	Other	34%		Other	15%	Other	23%
2030	Colorectal	18%	Breast	20%	2030	Lung and bronchus	27%	Lung and bronchus	23%
	Prostate	17%	Colorectal	12%		Colorectal	21%	Colorectal	14%
	Lung and bronchus	13%	Lung and bronchus	11%		Prostate	10%	Breast	13%
	Bladder	7%	Pancreas	4%		Pancreas	7%	Pancreas	7%
	Oral cavity and pharynx	5%	Corpus uteri	4%		Bladder	5%	Ovary	5%
	Kidney	4%	Melanoma of skin	3%		Stomach	5%	Stomach	4%
	Melanoma of skin	4%	Ovary	3%		Oral cavity and pharynx	4%	Leukemia	3%
	Pancreas	4%	Bladder	3%		Liver	4%	Cervix uteri	3%
	Leukemia	3%	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	3%		Leukemia	3%	Kidney	2%
	Stomach	3%	Soft tissue	3%		Kidney	3%	Bladder	2%
	Other	22%	Other	34%		Other	12%	Other	24%

Note: Incidence and mortality are expressed as mean values for each year.

Table 4 The five most common cancers estimated for 2020, 2025, and 2030 split by age and sex – incidence (A) and mortality (B)

(A)
	Age bins
	0-19	Percentage	20-39	Percentage	40-59	Percentage	60-79	Percentage	80 +	Percentage
2020, females	Leukemia	15.5	Breast	24.5	Breast	28.4	Breast	19	Colorectal	17.9
	Soft tissue	12.6	Melanoma	11.3	Lung and bronchus	10.5	Lung and bronchus	13.9	Breast	16.4
	Brain	9.7	Cervix uteri	10.4	Colorectal	7.9	Colorectal	13.3	Lung and bronchus	9
	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	6.3	Thyroid	8	Cervix uteri	5.4	Corpus uteri	4.5	Pancreas	5.9
	Kidney	5.5	Colorectal	5.3	Corpus uteri	4.7	Pancreas	4.2	Stomach	4.2
2020, males	Leukemia	20.4	Testis	27.8	Lung and bronchus	15.4	Lung and bronchus	17.6	Colorectal	18.9
	Brain	14	Melanoma	10.3	Colorectal	13.5	Colorectal	16.8	Prostate	18.5
	Soft tissue	13.6	Colorectal	6.2	Oral cavity and pharynx	11.2	Prostate	16.4	Lung and bronchus	11.7
	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	10	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	5.8	Kidney	5.3	Bladder	6.9	Bladder	8.6
	Bones and joints	9.6	Brain	5.4	Prostate	4.6	Oral cavity and pharynx	5.7	Stomach	4.9
2025, females	Leukemia	14.7	Breast	26.5	Breast	30	Breast	18.2	Breast	16.9
	Soft tissue	11.2	Melanoma	11.1	Lung and bronchus	8.4	Lung and bronchus	14.3	Colorectal	16.5
	Brain	8.1	Cervix uteri	10.6	Colorectal	7.7	Colorectal	12.9	Lung and bronchus	9.1
	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	6.9	Thyroid	8.7	Cervix uteri	5	Pancreas	4.5	Pancreas	6
	Kidney	5	Colorectal	5.7	Corpus uteri	4.9	Corpus uteri	4.4	Stomach	3.8
2025, males	Leukemia	19.4	Testis	28.1	Colorectal	14.5	Prostate	18.2	Prostate	20.2
	Soft tissue	14.2	Melanoma	11.8	Lung and bronchus	12.4	Colorectal	17.6	Colorectal	18.5
	Brain	13.8	Colorectal	6	Oral cavity and pharynx	9.6	Lung and bronchus	16.2	Lung and bronchus	10.9
	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	10.9	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	5.4	Kidney	5.7	Bladder	7.1	Bladder	8.6
	Bones and joints	10.1	Brain	5.1	Prostate	5.5	Oral cavity and pharynx	5.3	Melanoma	4.2
2030, females	Leukemia	13.6	Breast	25.8	Breast	31.1	Breast	17.2	Breast	16.6
	Soft tissue	11.2	Melanoma	11.4	Colorectal	7.7	Lung and bronchus	14	Colorectal	15.4
	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	8	Cervix uteri	10.9	Lung and bronchus	7.1	Colorectal	12.6	Lung and bronchus	10
	Brain	7.2	Thyroid	9.2	Corpus uteri	4.9	Pancreas	4.7	Pancreas	6
	Kidney	5.6	Colorectal	6	Melanoma	4.6	Corpus uteri	4.5	Bladder	3.8
2030, males	Leukemia	19.2	Testis	28.4	Colorectal	14.6	Prostate	19.6	Prostate	21.8
	Brain	15.5	Melanoma	13	Lung and bronchus	10.6	Colorectal	18.7	Colorectal	18.1
	Soft tissue	15.1	Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma	5.4	Oral cavity and pharynx	8.4	Lung and bronchus	15	Lung and bronchus	10.5
	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	12.8	Colorectal	5.2	Prostate	5.9	Bladder	7.3	Bladder	8.7
	Bones and joints	10.5	Brain	4.6	Kidney	23.7	Oral cavity and pharynx	4.9	Melanoma	4.4
(B)
	Age bins
	0-19	Percentage	20-39	Percentage	40-59	Percentage	60-79	Percentage	80 +	Percentage
2020, females	Leukemia	28.6	Breast	24.7	Lung and bronchus	26.2	Lung and bronchus	26.2	Colorectal	19.1
	Brain	21.4	Cervix uteri	13.6	Breast	17.4	Colorectal	13.2	Breast	14
	Bones and joints	7.1	Colorectal	11.7	Colorectal	10.5	Breast	12.7	Lung and bronchus	13.2
			Brain	8	Cervix uteri	6.7	Pancreas	7.1	Pancreas	7.9
			Leukemia	7.4	Ovary	6.2	Ovary	4.9	Stomach	5.3
2020, males	Brain	25	Brain	14.6	Lung and bronchus	31.5	Lung and bronchus	32.1	Colorectal	21.1
	Leukemia	25	Leukemia	12.1	Colorectal	13.2	Colorectal	17.4	Lung and bronchus	18.2
	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	8.3	Testis	10.2	Oral cavity and pharynx	11.8	Prostate	6.9	Prostate	15.8
	Bones and joints	5.6	Lung and bronchus	8.9	Pancreas	6.1	Pancreas	5.8	Bladder	6.6
			Colorectal	8.9	Stomach	5	Oral cavity and pharynx	5.1	Stomach	6
2025, females	Leukemia	28.6	Breast	27.5	Lung and bronchus	22.6	Lung and bronchus	28	Colorectal	18.1
	Brain	21.4	Cervix uteri	15.4	Breast	19.3	Colorectal	12.9	Lung and bronchus	14.6
	Bones and joints	7.1	Colorectal	14.1	Colorectal	12	Breast	11.7	Breast	14.2
			Brain	9.4	Ovary	6.7	Pancreas	7.2	Pancreas	8.2
			Lung and bronchus	8.7	Cervix uteri	6.7	Ovary	4.7	Stomach	4.9
2025, males	Brain	29	Brain	16.9	Lung and bronchus	30	Lung and bronchus	31.5	Colorectal	21.7
	Leukemia	25.8	Leukemia	12	Colorectal	15.6	Colorectal	18.7	Lung and bronchus	18
	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	9.7	Testis	9.2	Oral cavity and pharynx	9.3	Prostate	7.7	Prostate	16
	Bones and joints	6.5	Colorectal	8.5	Pancreas	6.9	Pancreas	6.3	Bladder	6.8
			Lung and bronchus	7.7	Stomach	5.4	Oral cavity and pharynx	4.7	Pancreas	5.3
2030, females	Leukemia	33.3	Breast	28.6	Breast	26.2	Lung and bronchus	28.2	Colorectal	17
	Brain	18.5	Colorectal	18	Lung and bronchus	17.4	Colorectal	12.9	Lung and bronchus	16.6
	Bones and joints	7.4	Cervix uteri	15.8	Colorectal	10.5	Breast	11.1	Breast	13.8
			Brain	10.5	Ovary	6.7	Pancreas	7.4	Pancreas	8.1
			Lung and bronchus	9.8	Cervix uteri	6.2	Ovary	4.7	Stomach	4.7
2030, males	Brain	31	Brain	16.9	Lung and bronchus	31.5	Lung and bronchus	30.6	Colorectal	22.3
	Leukemia	27.6	Leukemia	11	Colorectal	13.2	Colorectal	20.4	Lung and bronchus	17.9
	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	10.3	Colorectal	8.8	Oral cavity and pharynx	11.8	Prostate	8.9	Prostate	16.8
	Bones and joints	6.9	Testis	8.1	Pancreas	6.1	Pancreas	6.7	Bladder	7.2
			Lung and bronchus	7.4	Stomach	5	Stomach	4.9	Pancreas	5.6

Notes: Incidence and mortality are expressed as mean values for each year split by age and sex. The most frequent cancer types are color-coded to facilitate comparison of incidence and mortality across age groups.

Figure 4 Observed and projected tendencies of incidence and mortality in selected cancers in females (A) and males (B).

Note: Solid lines are crude rates, dashed lines represent rates age-adjusted to the 2013 ESP (ASR ESP 2013).
Abbreviations: ASR, age-standardized rate; ESP, European Standard Population.