The Relationship Between Health-Related Quality of Life and Trust in Primary Care Physicians Among Patients with Diabetes

Figures & data

Figure 1 Patient recruitment scheme.

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the Diabetic Patients

Characteristic	N=364
Age (years)
≥18–25	9(2.47)
>25–35	19(5.22)
>35–45	49(13.46)
>45–55	127(34.89)
>55–65	114(31.32)
>65	46(12.64)
Sex, n (%)
Male	140 (38.46)
Female	224 (61.54)
Nationality, n (%)
Saudi	338 (92.86)
Non-Saudi	26 (7.14)
Education, n (%)
No formal education (unable to read or write)	73 (20.05)
Elementary school (1–6 years)	65 (17.86)
Middle school (7–9 years)	56 (15.38)
High school (10–12 years)	63(17.31)
Some college or college degree (13–16 years)	96 (26.37)
Postgraduate degree (≥17 years)	11 (3.02)
Health literacy, n (%)
Marginal/Limited	188 (51.65)
Good	176 (48.35)
Annual income, n (%)
< $9600	87 (23.9)
$9600-$19,199	62 (17.03)
$19,200-$31,991	99 (27.2)
$31,992-$47,999	63 (17.31)
$48,000-$63,995	36 (9.89)
$63,996-$79,991	9 (2.47)
> $79,992	8 (2.2)
Number of medications, n(%)
1–2	108(29.67)
>2–4	105(28.85)
>4–6	44(12.09)
>6	107(29.40)
Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, n (%)
0–1	109(29.95)
>1–2	116(31.87)
>2–3	95(26.10)
>3	44(12.09)
Duration of diabetes (years), n (%)	11.97 ± 6.70
1–5	77(21.15)
>5–10	57(15.66)
>10–20	196(53.85)
>20–30	31(8.52)
>30	3(0.82)
Health Care Relationship Trust (HCR-Trust) scale scores, n (%)
0–20	40(10.99)
>20–30	68(18.68)
>30–40	82(22.53)
>40	174(47.80)

Table 2 The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) Domain’s Scores

Domain	Score, Mean ± SD
WHOQOL Physical	53.64 ± 17.76
WHOQOL Psychological	66.43 ± 17.65
WHOQOL Social	66.18 ± 17.95
WHOQOL Environment	69.96 ± 22.59

Table 3 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis of the Association Between the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Physical Health Domain and Health Care Relationship (HCR) Trust Scores

Variable	β Estimate	95% Confidence Interval
HCR-Trust	0.64	0.50	0.79
Age	0.03	−0.15	0.22
Charlson Comorbidity Index score	−0.24	−2.2	1.73
Health literacy	2.44	−0.98	5.86
Sex	−10.26	−13.77	−6.74
Education	0.83	−0.56	2.22
Annual income	0.72	−0.55	1.98
Nationality	2.39	−3.73	8.51
Illness duration	−0.26	−0.506	−0.02

Table 4 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis of the Association Between the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Psychological Domain and Health Care Relationship (HCR) Trust Scores

Variable	β Estimate	95% Confidence Interval
HCR-Trust	0.69	0.54	0.84
Age	0.08	−0.11	0.27
Charlson Comorbidity Index score	0.95	−1.03	2.92
Health literacy	2.38	−1.06	5.83
Sex	−3.91	−7.44	−0.38
Education	0.60	−0.79	2.01
Annual income	1.01	−0.46	0.03
Nationality	5.47	−0.67	11.63
Illness duration	−0.21	−0.46	0.03

Table 5 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis of the Association Between the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF Social Domain and Health Care Relationship (HCR) Trust Scores

Variable	β Estimate	95% Confidence Interval
HCR-Trust	0.68	0.48	0.88
Age	0.12	−0.14	0.38
Charlson Comorbidity Index score	−0.35	−3.07	2.37
Health literacy	3.38	−1.37	8.14
Sex	1.13	−3.75	5.99
Education	−0.61	−2.55	1.32
Annual income	1.44	−0.33	3.2
Nationality	−0.84	−7.65	9.33
Illness duration	−0.24	−0.57	0.09

Table 6 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis of the Association Between the World Health Organization Quality of Life Environment Domain and Health Care Relationship (HCR) Trust Scores

Variable	β Estimate	95% Confidence Interval
HCR-Trust	0.74	0.59	0.88
Age	0.18	−0.01	0.37
Charlson Comorbidity Index score	0.29	−1.66	2.24
Health literacy	2.10	−1.29	5.50
Sex	0.63	−2.85	4.10
Education	0.81	−0.58	2.18
Annual income	2.31	1.05	3.56
Nationality	6.06	−0.01	12.12
Illness duration	−0.19	−0.431	0.05