Temporal Trends of Sex Disparity in Incidence and Survival of Colorectal Cancer: Variations by Anatomical Site and Age at Diagnosis

Figures & data

Table 1 Age-Standardized Sex-Specific Incidence Rate and Male-to-Female Incidence Rate Ratio for Colorectal Cancer Stratified by Anatomical Site and Age at Diagnosis

Site	Period	All Ages					0-49 Years					>49 Years
		Cases		AIR^a		Male-to-Female IRR (95% CI)	Cases		AIR^a		Male-to-Female IRR (95% CI)	Cases		AIR^a		Male-to-Female IRR (95% CI)
		Male	Female	Male	Female		Male	Female	Male	Female		Male	Female	Male	Female
RCC	1960–1964	1314	1513	9.26	9.31	0.99(0.93–1.06)	156	204	1.20	1.60	0.75(0.61–0.93)	1158	1309	24.76	24.17	1.02(0.95–1.10)
	1965–1969	1912	2244	12.95	12.89	1.00(0.95–1.06)	180	225	1.40	1.78	0.79(0.65–0.95)	1732	2019	35.19	34.28	1.03(0.97–1.09)
	1970–1974	2197	2504	13.80	13.08	1.05(1.00–1.11)	160	135	1.31	1.12	1.17(0.94–1.45)	2037	2369	37.85	36.11	1.05(0.99–1.11)
	1975–1979	2477	2880	14.64	13.58	1.08(1.02–1.13)	147	114	1.20	0.96	1.25(0.99–1.58)	2330	2766	40.52	37.88	1.07(1.01–1.13)
	1980–1984	2688	3194	15.10	13.78	1.10(1.04–1.15)	122	103	0.94	0.82	1.15(0.89–1.48)	2566	3091	42.36	38.74	1.09(1.04–1.15)
	1985–1989	2768	3326	14.75	13.37	1.10(1.05–1.16)	130	124	0.88	0.88	1.00(0.78–1.29)	2638	3202	41.45	37.41	1.11(1.05–1.17)
	1990–1994	2782	3345	14.25	12.85	1.11(1.05–1.17)	142	120	0.90	0.79	1.14(0.89–1.46)	2640	3225	39.94	36.06	1.11(1.05–1.17)
	1995–1999	2922	3601	14.41	13.37	1.08(1.03–1.13)	139	114	0.90	0.77	1.18(0.91–1.51)	2783	3487	40.40	37.61	1.07(1.02–1.13)
	2000–2004	3272	3838	15.48	14.06	1.10(1.05–1.16)	163	148	1.08	1.02	1.06(0.85–1.34)	3109	3690	43.18	39.16	1.10(1.05–1.16)
	2005–2009	3639	4646	16.10	16.47	0.98(0.93–1.02)	179	154	1.15	1.02	1.12(0.90–1.40)	3460	4492	44.89	46.22	0.97(0.93–1.02)
	2010–2014	4065	5102	16.61	17.30	0.96(0.92–1.00)	233	173	1.44	1.10	1.30(1.06–1.60)	3832	4929	45.81	48.48	0.94(0.91–0.99)
	Overall	30,036	36,193	14.55	13.83	1.05(1.04–1.07)	1751	1614	1.12	1.07	1.05(0.98–1.12)	28,285	34,579	40.41	38.39	1.05(1.04–1.07)
LCC	1960–1964	1542	1489	11.24	8.82	1.27(1.19–1.36)	88	161	0.68	1.24	0.54(0.42–0.70)	1454	1328	31.56	23.40	1.35(1.26–1.45)
	1965–1969	1997	1957	13.37	10.90	1.23(1.16–1.30)	127	159	0.99	1.25	0.79(0.63–1.00)	1870	1798	37.18	29.49	1.26(1.19–1.34)
	1970–1974	2136	2190	13.23	11.16	1.19(1.12–1.25)	133	160	1.08	1.33	0.81(0.66–1.01)	2003	2030	36.63	30.10	1.22(1.15–1.29)
	1975–1979	2210	2278	12.83	10.70	1.20(1.13–1.27)	96	119	0.78	1.03	0.76(0.59–0.97)	2114	2159	36.03	29.31	1.23(1.16–1.30)
	1980–1984	2263	2382	12.54	10.42	1.20(1.14–1.27)	99	141	0.78	1.14	0.69(0.54–0.88)	2164	2241	35.17	28.30	1.24(1.17–1.32)
	1985–1989	2283	2306	12.04	9.57	1.26(1.19–1.33)	94	112	0.64	0.79	0.80(0.61–1.06)	2189	2194	33.99	26.46	1.28(1.21–1.36)
	1990–1994	2270	2188	11.58	8.81	1.32(1.24–1.40)	105	126	0.66	0.83	0.79(0.61–1.04)	2165	2062	32.61	24.16	1.35(1.27–1.44)
	1995–1999	2561	2242	12.61	8.75	1.44(1.36–1.53)	105	135	0.68	0.91	0.75(0.58–0.98)	2456	2107	35.58	23.84	1.49(1.41–1.58)
	2000–2004	2734	2387	12.93	9.07	1.43(1.35–1.51)	116	131	0.77	0.90	0.85(0.66–1.10)	2618	2256	36.34	24.78	1.47(1.39–1.55)
	2005–2009	3346	2784	14.80	10.37	1.43(1.35–1.50)	153	177	0.98	1.17	0.84(0.67–1.05)	3193	2607	41.40	28.08	1.47(1.40–1.55)
	2010–2014	3684	2924	14.90	10.39	1.43(1.36–1.51)	191	194	1.17	1.24	0.94(0.77–1.16)	3493	2730	41.34	28.01	1.48(1.40–1.55)
	Overall	27,026	25,127	12.92	9.82	1.31(1.29–1.34)	1307	1615	0.84	1.07	0.78(0.73–0.84)	25,719	23,512	36.18	26.69	1.36(1.33–1.38)
Rectum	1960–1964	2715	1933	19.02	11.54	1.65(1.56–1.74)	182	205	1.39	1.60	0.87(0.71–1.06)	2533	1728	52.97	30.69	1.73(1.63–1.83)
	1965–1969	3136	2282	20.63	12.78	1.61(1.54–1.70)	194	188	1.51	1.48	1.02(0.84–1.24)	2942	2094	57.45	34.53	1.66(1.58–1.75)
	1970–1974	3303	2478	20.48	12.66	1.62(1.54–1.70)	162	163	1.32	1.35	0.97(0.79–1.19)	3141	2315	57.38	34.41	1.67(1.58–1.76)
	1975–1979	3763	2599	21.84	12.16	1.80(1.71–1.89)	166	128	1.37	1.09	1.25(1.01–1.56)	3597	2471	61.24	33.47	1.83(1.74–1.92)
	1980–1984	3950	3139	21.61	13.75	1.57(1.50–1.65)	172	182	1.34	1.48	0.90(0.74–1.10)	3778	2957	60.63	37.37	1.62(1.55–1.70)
	1985–1989	4154	3196	22.05	13.31	1.66(1.58–1.74)	182	172	1.23	1.22	1.01(0.82–1.25)	3972	3024	62.12	36.58	1.70(1.62–1.78)
	1990–1994	4331	3336	22.04	13.27	1.66(1.59–1.74)	213	174	1.35	1.14	1.18(0.96–1.45)	4118	3162	61.88	36.61	1.69(1.61–1.77)
	1995–1999	4408	3221	21.67	12.51	1.73(1.65–1.81)	222	183	1.44	1.23	1.17(0.96–1.43)	4186	3038	60.60	34.23	1.77(1.69–1.86)
	2000–2004	4604	3392	21.72	12.82	1.69(1.62–1.77)	210	202	1.39	1.39	1.00(0.82–1.22)	4394	3190	60.87	34.82	1.75(1.67–1.83)
	2005–2009	4882	3453	21.36	12.74	1.68(1.60–1.75)	246	219	1.57	1.45	1.08(0.90–1.31)	4636	3234	59.45	34.48	1.72(1.65–1.80)
	2010–2014	4955	3398	20.03	12.07	1.66(1.58–1.74)	319	231	1.96	1.47	1.33(1.12–1.59)	4636	3167	54.83	32.49	1.69(1.61–1.77)
	Overall	44,201	32,427	21.02	12.65	1.66(1.64–1.69)	2268	2047	1.45	1.35	1.07(1.01–1.14)	41,933	30,380	58.70	34.39	1.71(1.68–1.73)

Notes: ^aRates per 100,000 person-years

Table 2 Annual Change of Male-to-Female Age-Standardized Incidence Rate Ratio of Colorectal Cancer

Site	Age Group	Trend 1		Trend 2		Trend 3		Trend 4		Trend 5		AAPC^b (95% CI)
		Years	APC^a (95% CI)	Years	APC^a (95% CI)	Years	APC^a (95% CI)	Years	APC^a (95% CI)	Years	APC^a (95% CI)
RCC	0–49 years	1960–2014	0.7^c (0.3, 1.1)									0.7^c (0.3, 1.1)
	>49 years	1960–1995	0.3^c (0.1, 0.5)	1995–2014	−1.1^c (−1.6, −0.6)							−0.2 (−0.4, 0.0)
	Overall	1960–1995	0.4^c (0.2, 0.5)	1995–2014	−1.0^c (−1.5, −0.6)							−0.1 (−0.3, 0.1)
LCC	0–49 years	1960–2014	0.6^c (0.1, 1.1)									0.6^c (0.1, 1.1)
	>49 years	1960–1973	−1.0 (−2.1, 0.0)	1973–2014	0.6^c (0.5, 0.8)							0.2 (−0.1, 0.5)
	Overall	1960–1974	−0.7 (−1.6, 0.2)	1974–2014	0.6^c (0.4, 0.8)							0.3^c (0.0, 0.6)
Rectum	0–49 years	1960–1978	2.3^c (0.9, 3.7)	1978–1985	−7.3^c (−13.7, −0.5)	1985–1988	19.8 (−21.2, 82.1)	1988–2007	−1.3 (−2.6, 0.1)	2007–2014	7.1^c (1.3, 13.3)	1.2 (−1.4, 3.9)
	>49 years	1960–1973	−0.8 (−1.6, 0.1)	1973–1976	7.8 (−8.1, 26.4)	1976–1979	−6.3 (−20.1, 9.9)	1979–2014	0.1 (−0.0, 0.3)			−0.0 (−1.3, 1.2)
	Overall	1960–1973	−0.6 (−1.3, 0.2)	1973–1976	7.6 (−7.3, 24.9)	1976–1979	−6.2 (−19.2, 8.9)	1979–2014	0.2 (−0.0, 0.3)			0.0 (−1.1, 1.2)

Notes: ^aAnnual percent change. ^bAverage annual percent change. ^cAPC or AAPC is significantly different from zero at α = 0.05.

Table 3 Age-Standardization Sex-Specific Five-Year Survival Rate and Male-to-Female Five-Year Survival Rate Ratio for Colorectal Cancer Stratified by Anatomical Site and Age at Diagnosis

Site	Period	All Ages			0-49 Years			>49 Years
		Five-Year Survival Rate (%)		Male-to-Female SRR (95% CI)	Five-Year Survival Rate (%)		Male-to-Female SRR (95% CI)	Five-Year Survival Rate (%)		Male-to-Female SRR (95% CI)
		Male	Female		Male	Female		Male	Female
RCC	1960–1964	26.68	27.89	0.96(0.83–1.10)	59.33	55.90	1.06(0.81–1.40)	24.84	26.31	0.94(0.81–1.10)
	1965–1969	26.24	30.66	0.86(0.76–0.96)	55.65	60.19	0.92(0.71–1.20)	24.57	28.99	0.85(0.75–0.96)
	1970–1974	26.62	30.21	0.88(0.79–0.98)	48.32	45.63	1.06(0.76–1.48)	25.39	29.33	0.87(0.77–0.97)
	1975–1979	27.06	33.61	0.81(0.73–0.89)	48.00	40.15	1.20(0.82–1.73)	25.87	33.24	0.78(0.70–0.86)
	1980–1984	32.83	38.25	0.86(0.79–0.94)	49.61	55.06	0.90(0.63–1.29)	31.88	37.30	0.85(0.78–0.93)
	1985–1989	34.55	41.56	0.83(0.77–0.90)	47.50	56.28	0.84(0.60–1.19)	33.81	40.72	0.83(0.76–0.90)
	1990–1994	38.88	45.92	0.85(0.78–0.92)	53.79	64.00	0.84(0.61–1.15)	38.04	44.90	0.85(0.78–0.92)
	1995–1999	41.77	46.83	0.89(0.83–0.96)	60.74	57.03	1.07(0.77–1.47)	40.70	46.26	0.88(0.82–0.95)
	2000–2004	45.19	52.32	0.86(0.81–0.92)	58.20	64.22	0.91(0.68–1.20)	44.46	51.65	0.86(0.80–0.92)
	2005–2009	49.72	55.15	0.90(0.85–0.96)	59.50	63.50	0.94(0.71–1.23)	49.17	54.68	0.90(0.85–0.96)
	Overall	36.91	42.65	0.87(0.84–0.89)	55.00	58.35	0.94(0.86–1.04)	35.89	41.77	0.86(0.84–0.88)
LCC	1960–1964	25.93	29.46	0.88(0.77–1.01)	42.19	51.18	0.82(0.56–1.21)	25.01	28.23	0.89(0.77–1.02)
	1965–1969	25.93	29.95	0.87(0.77–0.97)	37.70	45.61	0.83(0.57–1.19)	25.26	29.06	0.87(0.77–0.98)
	1970–1974	25.11	30.34	0.83(0.74–0.93)	45.61	46.07	0.99(0.70–1.39)	23.95	29.45	0.81(0.72–0.92)
	1975–1979	29.08	33.02	0.88(0.79–0.98)	34.99	38.65	0.91(0.58–1.41)	28.74	32.70	0.88(0.79–0.98)
	1980–1984	34.33	40.62	0.85(0.77–0.93)	44.01	51.46	0.86(0.59–1.25)	33.79	40.01	0.84(0.77–0.93)
	1985–1989	35.48	42.36	0.84(0.76–0.92)	49.96	53.74	0.93(0.63–1.36)	34.66	41.72	0.83(0.75–0.91)
	1990–1994	39.25	45.60	0.86(0.79–0.94)	49.53	49.68	1.00(0.69–1.44)	38.66	45.37	0.85(0.78–0.94)
	1995–1999	43.50	49.98	0.87(0.80–0.95)	60.23	56.40	1.07(0.77–1.49)	42.56	49.62	0.86(0.79–0.93)
	2000–2004	46.07	53.83	0.86(0.79–0.93)	64.14	67.78	0.95(0.70–1.29)	45.05	53.04	0.85(0.78–0.92)
	2005–2009	52.87	58.22	0.91(0.85–0.97)	67.17	58.40	1.15(0.88–1.51)	52.06	58.21	0.89(0.83–0.96)
	Overall	37.40	42.56	0.88(0.85–0.90)	51.17	52.74	0.97(0.87–1.08)	36.62	41.98	0.87(0.85–0.90)
Rectum	1960–1964	22.20	27.09	0.82(0.73–0.92)	33.07	49.13	0.67(0.49–0.93)	21.58	25.82	0.84(0.74–0.95)
	1965–1969	24.73	29.80	0.83(0.75–0.92)	48.86	47.40	1.03(0.77–1.38)	23.35	28.79	0.81(0.73–0.90)
	1970–1974	24.87	31.33	0.79(0.72–0.88)	43.03	56.54	0.76(0.56–1.04)	23.83	29.89	0.80(0.72–0.88)
	1975–1979	27.44	34.28	0.80(0.73–0.88)	43.85	49.47	0.89(0.63–1.24)	26.50	33.41	0.79(0.72–0.87)
	1980–1984	32.47	37.96	0.86(0.79–0.93)	55.53	60.79	0.91(0.69–1.20)	31.14	36.65	0.85(0.78–0.92)
	1985–1989	34.52	41.92	0.82(0.76–0.89)	50.17	55.85	0.90(0.67–1.20)	33.62	41.12	0.82(0.76–0.88)
	1990–1994	39.70	46.53	0.85(0.80–0.91)	52.43	61.98	0.85(0.65–1.10)	38.97	45.65	0.85(0.80–0.92)
	1995–1999	43.35	50.26	0.86(0.81–0.92)	60.27	68.14	0.88(0.69–1.13)	42.38	49.24	0.86(0.80–0.92)
	2000–2004	45.59	53.52	0.85(0.80–0.91)	62.62	73.13	0.86(0.68–1.08)	44.62	52.39	0.85(0.80–0.91)
	2005–2009	51.33	55.28	0.93(0.87–0.99)	63.16	64.65	0.98(0.78–1.23)	50.65	54.75	0.93(0.87–0.98)
	Overall	36.21	42.28	0.86(0.84–0.88)	52.54	59.08	0.89(0.82–0.97)	35.27	41.32	0.85(0.83–0.88)

Table 4 Annual Change in Male-to-Female Age-Standardized Five-Year Survival Rate Ratio of Colorectal Cancer

Site	Age Group	Trend 1
		Years	APC^a (95% CI)
RCC	0–49 years	1960–2009	−0.1 (−0.8, 0.5)
	>49 years	1960–2009	−0.0 (−0.2, 0.2)
	Overall	1960–2009	−0.0 (−0.2, 0.1)
LCC	0–49 years	1960–2009	0.6^b (0.0, 1.2)
	>49 years	1960–2009	0.0 (−0.2, 0.2)
	Overall	1960–2009	0.0 (−0.1, 0.2)
Rectum	0–49 years	1960–2009	0.2 (−0.3, 0.8)
	>49 years	1960–2009	0.2^b (0.1, 0.4)
	Overall	1960–2009	0.2^b (0.1, 0.4)

Notes: ^aAnnual percent change. ^bAPC or AAPC is significantly different from zero at α = 0.05.