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Original Research

Co-Morbidity Patterns Identified Using Latent Class Analysis of Medications Predict All-Cause Mortality Independent of Other Known Risk Factors: The COPDGene^® Study

Yisha Li1 Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6191-2471 View further author information

Margaret Ragland1 Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USAView further author information

Erin Austin2 Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USAView further author information

Kendra Young1 Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8664-7635 View further author information

Katherine Pratte3 National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USAView further author information

John E Hokanson1 Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USAView further author information

Terri H Beaty4 Bloomberg School of Public Health, University of John Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7644-1705 View further author information

Elizabeth A Regan3 National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USAView further author information

Stephen I Rennard5 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NB, USAView further author information

Christina Wern6 Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7372-717X View further author information

Michael R Jacobs7 School of Pharmacy, Temple University, PA, Pennsylvania, USAView further author information

Ruth Tal-Singer8 COPD Foundation, Washington, D.C., USAView further author information

Barry J Make3 National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USAView further author information

Gregory L Kinney1 Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USACorrespondence[email protected]

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5218-4986 View further author information

& On Behalf of theCOPDGene investigators show all

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Table 1 Baseline Characteristics

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Figure 1 ACEi=Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB=Angiotensin II receptor blockers, DRI= dopamine reuptake inhibitor, LCA=Latent class analysis, PPI=Proton pump inhibitor, SNRI= Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, SSRI= Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Membership in other classes were labeled in Appendix 1. LCA posterior probability of each class of medication was shown in Appendix 2. Appendix 5: SGRQ= St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, P1=Phase 1.

Co-Morbidity Patterns Identified Using Latent Class Analysis of Medications Predict All-Cause Mortality Independent of Other Known Risk Factors: The COPDGene^® Study

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics

Table 2 Model Fit Comparisons in Different LCA Classes

Table 3 Characteristics According to Latent Class Membership

Table 4 Adjusted Survival Analysis in Different LCA Classes

Table 5 Risk of AECOPD in P1 and P2

Table 6 Comparison of SGRQ Total Score in Different LCA Classes in P1 and P2

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Co-Morbidity Patterns Identified Using Latent Class Analysis of Medications Predict All-Cause Mortality Independent of Other Known Risk Factors: The COPDGene® Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics

Table 2 Model Fit Comparisons in Different LCA Classes

Table 3 Characteristics According to Latent Class Membership

Table 4 Adjusted Survival Analysis in Different LCA Classes

Table 5 Risk of AECOPD in P1 and P2

Table 6 Comparison of SGRQ Total Score in Different LCA Classes in P1 and P2

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Co-Morbidity Patterns Identified Using Latent Class Analysis of Medications Predict All-Cause Mortality Independent of Other Known Risk Factors: The COPDGene^® Study