Incidence and Survival for Head and Neck Cancers in Estonia, 1996–2016: A Population-Based Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Incident cases of head and neck cancers in Estonia, 1996–2016

Site	ICD10	n	%	%MV	%DCO	%Autopsy	Median age	%Female
Total		6769	100	96	0.6	0.8	62	36
Lip	C00	355	5	94	0.6	0.3	73	36
Tongue	C02 (excluding C02.4)	567	8	96	0.7	0.2	62	29
Oral cavity	C03–06 (excluding C05.1–2)	673	10	97	0.3	0.2	62	30
Salivary glands	C07–08	345	5	97	0.6	0.3	65	53
Oropharynx	C01, C02.4, C05.1–2, C09–10	861	13	96	0.6	0.5	60	17
Nasopharynx	C11	111	2	92	0.9	0.0	59	37
Hypopharynx	C12–13	446	7	95	0.5	0.5	61	4
Nasal cavity and sinuses	C30–31	254	4	95	2.0	0.0	65	36
Larynx	C32	1497	22	95	0.4	1.1	63	8
Thyroid	C73	1616	24	97	0.6	1.7	59	82
Other	C14	44	1	80	6.8	4.6	61	20

Abbreviations: ICD, International Classification of Diseases, %DCO, proportion of death certificate–only cases, %MV, proportion of microscopically verified cases.

Figure 1 Stage distribution (%) of head and neck cancers in Estonia, 2010–2016.

Figure 2 Observed (dashed line) and modeled (solid line) age-standardized (world) incidence rates and annual percentage change (APC) with 95% confidence intervals for trends in head and neck cancer incidence in Estonia, 1996−2016. *APC is significantly different from zero at α=0.05.

Table 2 Age-standardized five-year relative survival ratio (RSR) of head and neck cancers by site and histology in Estonia, 1996–2016

	RSR (95% CI)
Site	1996–2002	2003–2009	2010–2016	Change^a
Mouth and pharynx	21 (16–25)	28 (23–32)	33 (29–38)	12
Squamous-cell carcinoma	20 (16–25)	27 (22–31)	35 (30–40)	15
Tongue	22 (14–32)	28 (20–35)	41 (32–50)	19
Squamous-cell carcinoma	24 (15–34)	29 (21–37)	41 (32–51)	17
Oral cavity	23 (16–30)	38 (30–46)	44 (34–53)	21
Squamous-cell carcinoma	20 (14–27)	36 (27–45)	50 (38–62)	30
Oropharynx	20 (11–30)	19 (13–29)	24 (19–29)	4
Squamous-cell carcinoma	23 (10–38)	18 (12–25)	26 (20–31)	3
Hypopharynx	12 (6–19)	15 (8–25)	17 (9–28)	5
Squamous-cell carcinoma	12 (6–21)	19 (10–30)	18 (9–28)	6
Larynx	51 (43–59)	57 (50–64)	63 (56–69)	12
Squamous-cell carcinoma	58 (47–68)	60 (53–67)	67 (60–74)	9
Salivary glands	—	42 (20–63)	52 (41–62)	10
Thyroid	83 (79–87)	86 (82–89)	90 (87–92)	7
Papillary	97 (72–100)	97 (90–99)	99 (86–100)	2
Follicular	93 (80–98)	89 (74–95)	90 (78–95)	−3
Medullary	—	85 (62–95)	88 (73–95)	3

Note: ^aComparing first and last period.

Table 3 Age-Standardized five-year relative survival ratio (RSR) of head and neck cancers by sex and histology in Estonia, 2010–2016

Site	Men	Women	Difference (femalevs male)
Mouth and pharynx	28 (24–33)	49 (40–57)	21
Squamous-cell carcinoma	30 (24–35)	50 (40–59)	20
Tongue	37 (26–47)	49 (32–64)	12
Squamous-cell carcinoma	36 (25–47)	50 (33–65)	14
Oral cavity	39 (25–53)	54 (39–67)	15
Squamous-cell carcinoma	47 (26–65)	58 (40–73)	11
Oropharynx	25 (19–31)^a	45 (30–59)^a	20
Squamous-cell carcinoma	28 (22–35)^a	48 (32–63)^a	20
Larynx	62 (55–69)	65 (44–79)	3
Squamous-cell carcinoma	67 (59–74)	69 (45–84)	2
Salivary	35 (20–50)	70 (55–81)	35
Thyroid	80 (68–88)	92 (89–95)	12

Note: ^aNot age-standardized, due to small numbers.