Estimation of Risk of Death Attributable to Acute Gastroenteritis Not Caused by Clostridioides difficile Infection Among Hospitalized Adults in England

Figures & data

Table 1 Summary of AGE Diagnosis, Age Category, Gender and Charlson’s Comorbidity Score of Cases and Controls

	Cases (%)	Controls (%)
Exposure*
Any AGE	3360 (9.5%)	604 (1.7%)
No AGE	31,859 (90.5%)	34,615 (98.3%)
Hospital diagnosed
CDI	973 (2.8%)	37 (0.1%)
NonCDI	1892 (5.4%)	274 (0.8%)
Diagnosed at GP
CDI	17 (<0.1%)	7 (<0.1%)
NonCDI	491 (1.4%)	252 (0.7%)
Gender
Female	17,537 (49.8%)	17,537 (49.8%)
Male	17,682 (50.2%)	17,682 (50.2%)
Age group
18–64 years	2163 (6.1%)	2163 (6.1%)
65–74 years	4313 (12.3%)	4313 (12.3%)
75–84 years	11,813 (33.5%)	11,813 (33.5%)
85+ years	16,930 (48.1%)	16,930 (48.1%)
Charlson’s comorbidity score
0	2735 (7.8%)	2735 (7.8%)
1	5628 (16.0%)	5628 (16.0%)
2	8065 (22.9%)	8065 (22.9%)
3	6765 (19.2%)	6765 (19.2%)
4	4893 (13.9%)	4893 (13.9%)
5	3111 (8.8%)	3111 (8.8%)
6	1698 (4.8%)	1698 (4.8%)
7	762 (2.2%)	762 (2.2%)
8	965 (2.7%)	965 (2.7%)
9	379 (1.1%)	379 (1.1%)
10	159 (0.5%)	159 (0.5%)
11	41 (0.1%)	41 (0.1%)
12–15	18 (0.1%)	18 (0.1%)

Notes: *The sum of the number of AGE exposure by category is different from “any AGE”: for CDI exposure, matches who had at least 1 subject with nonCDI exposure were excluded (due to not being able to be classified as exposed with CDI or non-exposed). Similarly, for nonCDI exposure, matches were excluded when at least 1 subject had CDI exposure. Finally, some subjects had both hospital-diagnosed and GP–diagnosed AGE within 30 days before case’s death.

Abbreviations: AGE, acute gastroenteritis; CDI, Clostridioides difficile infection.

Figure 1 The odds ratios of mortality in hospitalized patients following non-C. difficile AGE diagnoses by age group.

Abbreviations: AGE, acute gastroenteritis; GP, general practitioner; OR, odds ratio.

Table 2 Estimates of Odds Ratio, Attributable Fraction, Proportion of Hospitalization with AGE Excluding CDI, Population Attributable Fraction, Annual Deaths in Hospital and Attributable Deaths, Due to AGE Not Caused by CDI

Age Group	OR of AGE Not Caused by CDI (95% CI)	AF of AGE Not Caused by CDI (95% CI)	Proportion of Hospitalization with AGE Not Caused by CDI	PAF of AGE Not Caused by CDI (95% CI)	Total Annual Number of Deaths in Hospital	Attributable Deaths Due to AGE Not Caused by CDI (95% CI)
18–64 years	2.9 (1.9, 4.5)	65.5% (50.2%, 80.5%)	0.015	1.0% (0.8%, 1.2%)	40,766	402 (308, 494)
65–74 years	7.8 (5.4, 11.4)	87.2% (82.5%, 92.0%)	0.015	1.3% (1.3%, 1.4%)	47,157	636 (602, 672)
75–84 years	7.0 (5.6, 8.7)	85.7% (82.6%, 88.8%)	0.019	1.7% (1.6%, 1.7%)	92,111	1539 (1484, 1594)
85+ years	8.4 (6.9, 10.3)	88.1% (85.7%, 90.5%)	0.030	2.6% (2.6%, 2.7%)	91,686	2423 (2358, 2489)

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; AF, attributable fraction; AGE, acute gastroenteritis; CDI, Clostridioides difficile; PAF, population attributable fraction.