Epidemiology of Vitiligo – A Dual Population-Based Approach

Figures & data

Table 1 Cohort of People with (n = 933) and without (n = 120,850) Vitiligo Examined in the Companies by Dermatologists

	Total	Participants with Vitiligo	Participants without Vitiligo
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Female	52,951 (43.5)	353 (37.8)	52,598 (43.5)
Male	68,832 (56.5)	580 (62.2)	68,252 (56.5)
Total	121,783 (100.0)	933 (100.0)	120,850 (100.0)
Age group
16–29	14,968 (12.3)	88 (9.4)	14,880 (12.3)
30–39	30,702 (25.2)	219 (23.5)	30,483 (25.2)
40–49	41,138 (33.8)	319 (34.2)	40,819 (33.8)
50–59	28,229 (23.2)	242 (25.9)	27,987 (23.2)
60–70	6746 (5.5)	65 (7.0)	6681 (5.5)
Mean age ± SD	43.1 ± 10.8	44.6 ± 10.7	43.1 ± 10.8

Figure 1 Point-prevalence of vitiligo in the working cohort (N = 121,783) and one-year prevalence in the claims data (N = 1,619,678), stratified by age and gender.

Table 2 Cohort of People with (n = 2689) and without (n = 1,616,989) Vitiligo in the Claims Data

	Total	Participants with Vitiligo	Participants without Vitiligo
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Female	1,001,539 (61.8)	1843 (68.5)	999,696 (61.8)
Male	618,139 (38.2)	846 (31.5)	617,293 (38.2)
Total	1,619,678 (100)	2689 (100.0)	1,616,989 (100.0)
Age group
16–29	333,683 (20.6)	340 (12.6)	333,343 (20.6)
30–39	217,575 (13.4)	280 (10.4)	217,295 (13.4)
40–49	328,347 (20.3)	550 (20.5)	327,797 (20.3)
50–59	354,931 (21.9)	681 (25.3)	354,250 (21.9)
60–70	385,142 (23.8)	838 (31.2)	384,304 (23.8)
Mean age ± SD	45.8 ± 15.6	50.0 ± 14.6	45.8 ± 15.7

Table 3 Prevalence of Dermatologic Comorbidity in People with (n = 933; Mean Age 44.6 Years) vs without (n = 120,850; Mean Age 43.1 Years) Vitiligo, Nonadjusted Data Among Working People in German Companies

	Participants with Vitiligo		Participants without Vitiligo
	%	95% CI	%	95% CI
Inflammatory skin diseases
Seborrhoeic dermatitis	4.4	3.15–5.96	3.1	2.97–3.17
Rosacea	2.3	1.39–3.44	2.2	2.12–2.29
Psoriasis	1.8	1.06–2.92	2.0	1.95–2.11
Atopic dermatitis	1.8	1.06–2.92	1.4	1.31–1.44
Acne	1.5	0.82–2.52	3.2	3.08–3.28
Exsiccation dermatosis	1.3	0.66–2.25	0.8	0.72–0.82
Intertriginous dermatitis	1.0	0.44–1.83	0.7	0.65–0.75
Hand eczema	1.0	0.44–1.83	0.9	0.82–0.92
Contact dermatitis	0.4	0.12–1.10	0.2	0.15–0.20
Viral diseases of the skin
Verruca vulgaris feet	2.7	1.73–3.96	2.4	2.32–2.50
Verruca vulgaris hands	0.3	0.07–0.94	0.6	0.54–0.62
Fungal diseases of the skin
Onychomycosis	7.0	5.38–8.88	6.2	6.08–6.36
Tinea pedis	5.8	4.35–7.55	4.4	4.32–4.56
Pityriasis versicolor	1.2	0.59–2.11	1.0	0.95–1.06
Tinea corporis	0.3	0.07–0.94	0.4	0.37–0.44
Bacterial diseases of the skin
Folliculitis	8.5	6.70–10.55	8.4	8.27–8.59
Pyoderma	0.3	0.07–0.94	0.5	0.49–0.58
Vascular lesions of the skin
Haemangioma	44.5	40.30–48.97	42.6	42.21–42.95
Spider veins	21.1	18.27–24.28	20.7	20.41–20.92
Teleangiectasia	6.9	5.28–8.76	6.3	6.20–6.48
Port-wine stains	3.3	2.26–4.72	2.2	2.07–2.23
Nonmalignant noninflammatory skin changes
Fibromas	30.7	27.20–34.42	28.7	28.42–29.03
Solar lentigines	30.2	26.80–33.97	36.8	36.46–37.15
Ephelides	23.5	20.47–26.80	21.3	21.01–21.53
Seborrhoic keratosis	23.0	20.07–26.34	23.2	22.88–23.43
Histiocytoma	17.6	14.99–20.48	18.2	17.97–18.45
Café au lait spots	5.9	4.44–7.67	6.3	6.11–6.39
Lipoma	2.0	1.23–3.18	1.4	1.34–1.48

Note: Significant group differences in bold.

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

Table 4 Predictors and Their ORs of the Logistic Regression Model, Dependent Variable: Presence of Vitiligo Among Working People in German Companies (n = 120,833)

	OR	95% CI for OR
		Lower	Upper
Age (continuous)	1.02	1.01	1.02
Gender (female)	0.82	0.71	0.94
Skin type	0.72	0.61	0.84
Disease
Contact dermatitis	2.23	0.82	6.02
Port-wine stains	1.55	1.08	2.22
Exsiccation dermatosis	1.54	0.86	2.73
Intertriginous dermatitis	1.38	0.71	2.70
Lipoma	1.33	0.84	2.10
Seborrhoeic dermatitis	1.30	0.95	1.79
Atopic dermatitis	1.30	0.80	2.11
Tinea pedis	1.23	0.92	1.64
Ephelides	1.19	1.02	1.40
Verruca vulgaris feet	1.12	0.75	1.67
Telangiectasia	1.08	0.83	1.40
Pityriasis versicolor	1.06	0.57	1.99
Fibromas	1.05	0.91	1.22
Hand eczema	1.05	0.54	2.03
Spider veins	1.03	0.87	1.22
Haemangioma	1.02	0.89	1.17
Folliculitis	1.00	0.79	1.27
Café au lait spots	0.99	0.75	1.30
Onychomycosis	0.96	0.74	1.25
Histiocytoma	0.93	0.78	1.10
Rosacea	0.91	0.59	1.41
Seborrhoic keratosis	0.87	0.74	1.03
Psoriasis	0.86	0.53	1.39
Solar lentigines	0.63	0.54	0.73
Pyoderma	0.54	0.17	1.73
Acne	0.51	0.30	0.88

Note: Significant group differences in bold.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 5 Prevalence of Dermatologic Comorbidity in People with (n = 2689; Mean Age 50.0 Years) vs without Vitiligo (n = 1,616,989; Mean Age 45.8 Years), Non-adjusted Claims Data

		Participants with Vitiligo		Participants without Vitiligo
ICD-Code	Disease	%	95% CI	%	95% CI
L20.-	Atopic dermatitis	7.7	6.72–8.86	3.6	3.52–3.58
L40.-	Psoriasis	6.7	5.79–7.79	2.6	2.60–2.65
L40.0	Psoriasis vulgaris	4.3	3.56–5.17	1.4	1.38–1.41
L40.1	Generalised pustular psoriasis	0.1	0.01–0.27	0.0	0.04–0.04
L40.3	Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris	0.2	0.06–0.43	0.1	0.09–0.10
L40.4	Guttate psoriasis	0.0	0.00	0.0	0.03–0.03
L40.5	Arthropathic psoriasis	0.5	0.26–0.83	0.3	0.28–0.30
L40.8	Other psoriasis	0.7	0.40–1.06	0.3	0.31–0.33
L40.9	Psoriasis, unspecified	3.4	2.76–4.20	1.4	1.34–1.37
L43.-	Lichen planus	0.7	0.40–1.06	0.2	0.15–0.17
L63.-	Alopecia areata	1.2	0.84–1.72	0.3	0.24–0.26
L64.-	Androgenic alopecia	1.2	0.78–1.64	0.4	0.43–0.45
L65.-	Other nonscarring hair loss	3.1	2.46–3.83	1.2	1.20–1.23
L66.-	Cicatricial alopecia	0.1	0.02–0.33	0.0	0.04–0.04
L88.-	Pyoderma gangraenosum	0.0	-	0.0	0.01–0.01
C43.-	Malignant melanoma of skin	0.8	0.51–1.24	0.4	0.38–0.40
C44.-	Other and unspecified malignant neoplasm of skin	2.2	1.64–2.79	1.0	1.02–1.05
L81.-	Other disorders of pigmentation	5.8	4.96–6.83	1.0	1.01–1.04
L73.2	Hidradenitis suppurativa	0.1	0.01–0.27	0.1	0.05–0.05
L70.0	Acne vulgaris	2.3	1.80–3.00	1.4	1.42–1.46
Q82.5	Congenital nonneoplastic nevus	0.6	0.34–0.97	0.2	0.17–0.18
L81.2	Freckles	0.1	0.01–0.27	0.0	0.03–0.04
L81.4	Other melanin hyperpigmentation	1.6	1.13–2.11	0.7	0.64–0.67
L85.3	Xerosis cutis	0.6	0.34–0.97	0.3	0.26–0.27

Note: Significant group differences in bold.

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

Table 6 Logistic Regression Model (Odds Ratios) for Factors Associated with Vitiligo-Diagnosis, Dependent Variable: Assured ICD-Diagnosis of Vitiligo (L80) in the Claims Data

		OR	95% CI for OR
			Lower	Upper
	Age (Continuous)	1.02	1.01	1.02
	Gender (Male)	0.84	0.78	0.92
ICD-Code	Disease
L20.-	Atopic dermatitis	1.99	1.72	2.30
L40.-	Psoriasis	1.58	1.08	2.33
L40.0	Psoriasis vulgaris	1.61	1.14	2.27
L40.3	Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris	0.81	0.33	2.00
L40.5	Arthropathic psoriasis	0.64	0.36	1.13
L40.8	Other psoriasis	0.79	0.48	1.30
L40.9	Psoriasis, unspecified	1.22	0.87	1.70
L43.-	Lichen planus	2.59	1.62	4.14
L63.-	Alopecia areata	3.19	2.23	4.56
L64.-	Androgenic alopecia	1.37	0.95	1.99
L65.-	Other nonscarring hair loss	1.68	1.33	2.13
C43.-	Malignant melanoma of skin	1.50	0.98	2.29
C44.-	Other and unspecified malignant neoplasm of skin	1.38	1.06	1.80
L81.-	Other disorders of pigmentation	9.96	8.22	12.07
L70.0	Acne vulgaris	1.69	1.31	2.19
Q82.5	Congenital nonneoplastic nevus	2.53	1.54	4.16
L81.4	Other melanin hyperpigmentation	0.18	0.12	0.25
L85.3	Xerosis cutis	1.36	0.83	2.23

Note: Significant group differences in bold.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.