Cancer and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Third-Level Hospital Experience

Figures & data

Table 1 General Characteristics of the Series

Variables	Other Cancer Patients, N=34 (%)	Lung Cancer Patients, N=12 (%)
Gender (male)	18 (52.9)	6 (50.0)
Age at hospitalization, years, mean (SD)	63.9 (10.2)	63.5 (15.5)
Active Smoking	0 (0.0)	2 (16.7)
Ex-smokers	12 (35.3)	6 (50.0)
Comorbidities
Coronary heart disease	3 (8.8)	2 (16.7)
Hypertension	12 (35.3)	5 (41.7)
Hypothyroidism	3 (8.8)	0 (0.0)
COPD*	3 (8.8)	2 (16.7)
Obesity	2 (5.9)	0 (0.0)
Diabetes	6 (17.7)	0 (0.0)
Dyslipidemia	8 (23.5)	3 (25.0)
Stage
I	6 (17.7)	0 (0.0)
II	5 (14.7)	0 (0.0)
III	5 (14.7)	6 (50.0)
IV	18 (52.9)	6 (50.0)
Lines of treatment
First line	18 (52.9)	5 (41.7)
Other lines	8 (23.5)	5 (41.7)
Pending treatment	8 (23.5)	2 (16.7)
Recent cancer treatment <30d	11 (32.3)	8 (66.7)
Active treatment	23 (67.6)	6 (50.0)
Last oncologic treatment
Chemotherapy	14 (42.4)	2 (20.0)
Immunotherapy	1 (3.0)	5 (50.0)
Radiotherapy	3 (9.1)	0 (0.0)
Surgery	5 (15.2)	3 (30.0)
Others	10 (30.3)	0 (0.0)
Oncological situation
Complete response	17 (50.0)	3 (25.0)
Partial response	1 (2.9)	4 (33.3)
Stable disease	1 (2.9)	2 (16.7)
Progression	10 (29.4)	1 (8.3)
Best supportive care	2 (5.9)	1 (8.3)
Others	3 (8.8)	1 (8.3)

Abbreviation: *COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Table 2 Symptoms at Diagnosis and Prognostic Data

Symptoms	Other Cancer Patients (N=34)	Lung Cancer Patients (N=12)	P-value
Neutropenia	2 (6.1)	0 (0.0)	1.000
Cough	23 (67.6)	5 (41.7)	0.170
Fever	26 (76.5)	9 (75.0)	0.918
Temperature	37.1 (1.0)	37.3 (1.1)	0.360
Dyspnea	16 (47.0)	11 (91.7)	0.007
Diarrhea	3 (8.8)	1 (8.3)	1.000
Lymphopenia	22 (68.7)	4 (36.4)	0.080
Alteration liver function	3 (9.4)	2 (18.2)	0.589
Alteration kidney function	4 (12.5)	2 (18.2)	0.637
Radiological characteristics			0.726
Bilateral pneumonia	23 (71.9)	8 (72.7)
Unilateral pneumonia	6 (18.7)	3 (27.3)
Normal	3 (9.4)	0 (0.0)
Prognostic criteria
IL6			0.416
<4.4 pg/mL	28 (82.3)	8 (66.7)
≥4.4 pg/mL	6 (17.7)	4 (33.3)
D-DIMER	0.9 (0.6; 2.2)	0.9 (0.5; 2.7)	0.574
<0.5 ng/mL	5 (17.9)	3 (27.3)	0.761
0.5–7 ng/mL	22 (78.6)	8 (72.7)
>7 ng/mL	1 (3.5)	0 (0.0)
CRP		107.7	0.449
<10 mg/L	7 (21.9)	1 (9.1)
10–150 mg/L	16 (50.0)	8 (72.7)
>150 mg/L	9 (28.1)	2 (18.2)
LDH	266 (207; 326)	290 (238; 352)	0.195
<246 U/L	14 (46.7)	3 (27.3)	0.309
≥246 U/L	16 (53.3)	8 (72.7)
Ferritin	562 (358; 933)	1111 (392; 2672)	0.158
Charlson index*	8 (6; 9)	8 (6; 9)	0.800
CURB-65 scale**			0.314
0–1	21 (61.8)	5 (41.7)
≥2	13 (38.2)	7 (58.3)
Brescia scale***			0.178
0–1	30 (88.2)	8 (66.7)
≥2	4 (11.8)	4 (33.3)

Notes: *Charlson index (Comorbidities index), **CURB-65 scale (includes age, confusion, urea, breathing frequency, blood pressure), Brescia scale*** (depends on oxygen needs). p-values correspond to comparison between lung cancer patients and the other types of cancer.

Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.

Table 3 Treatment Received During the COVID-19

Treatments	Other Cancer Patients (N=34)	Lung Cancer Patients (N=12)	p-value
Hydroxychloroquine	31 (91.2)	11 (100)	0.565
Lopinavir/ritonavir	18 (52.9)	6 (54.5)	1.000
Interferon	3 (8.8)	3 (27.3)	0.146
Systemic Corticosteroids	12 (35.3)	6 (54.5)	0.304
Tocilizumab	2 (5.9)	1 (9.1)	1.000
Anakinra	1 (2.9)	1 (8.33)	0.458

Table 4 Univariate Analysis Comparing Patients with Serious Event vs Non-Serious Event

Variable	N Valid (N=46)	Non Serious Event (N=38)	Serious Event (N=8)	p-value	OR (95% CI)
Gender (male)	46	20 (52.6)	4 (50.0)	0.892	0.9 (0.19; 4.14)
Age at hospitalization (years)	40	63.2 (11.6)	67 (11.4)	0.376	1.04 (0.96; 1.21)
Active Smoking	46	2 (5.3)	0 (0.0)	1	–
Ex-smokers	46	16 (42.1)	2 (25.0)	0.453	0.46 (0.08; 2.57)
Heart disease	46	4 (10.5)	1 (12.5)	0.871	1.21 (0.12; 15.57)
Hypertension	46	14 (36.8)	3 (37.5)	0.972	1.02 (0.21; 4.97)
Hypothyroidism	46	3 (7.9)	0 (0.0)	1	–
COPD*	46	4 (10.5)	1 (12.5)	0.871	1.21 (0.12; 12.57)
Obesity	46	2 (5.3)	0 (0.0)	1	–
Diabetes	46	6 (15.8)	0	0.571	–
Dyslipidemia	46	10 (26.3)	1 (12.5)	0.418	0.40 (0.04; 3.67)
First ferritin	27	562 (377; 1111)	903 (614; 1130)	0.757	1.00 (0.99; 1.00)
Higher ferritin	26	598 (382; 1111)	975 (903; 2403)	0.396	1.00 (0.99; 1.00)
First IL6 ≥ 4.4 pg/mL	46	7 (18.4)	3 (37.5)	0.246	2.6 (0.51; 13.83)
Higher IL6 ≥ 4.4 pg/mL	46	8 (21.1)	3 (37.5)	0.330	2.2 (0.44; 11.48)
First D-Dimer	39	0.8 (0.6; 1.9)	1.7 (0.6; 2.7)	0.133	1.38 (0.90; 2.11)
Higher D-Dimer	41	1.1 (0.7; 2.2)	2.6 (1.5; 5.6)	0.069	1.39 (0.97; 1.99)
First LDH**	41	254 (195; 316)	354 (266; 441)	0.020	1.01 (1.00; 1.03)
Higher LDH	40	271 (227; 332)	619 (354; 812)	0.007	1.01 (1.00; 1.03)
First CRP***	43	95 (11; 146)	169 (89; 228)	0.038	1.01 (1.00; 1.02)
Higher CRP	42	116 (43; 167)	202 (130; 249)	0.018	1.02 (1.00; 1.03)
Brescia	44	0.5 (0; 1)	2 (2; 5)	0.004	19.5 (2.54; 149.7)
CURB-65	42	1 (1; 2)	2 (1; 3)	0.060	2.41 (0.97; 6.03)

Abbreviations: *COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; **LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ***CRP, C-Reactive protein.