Burden of Respiratory Infection and Tuberculosis Among US States from 1990 to 2019

Figures & data

Table 1 Incident Cases, Deaths and DALYs for Selected Respiratory Infections and Tuberculosis and Percentage Change of Age-Standardized Rates by Sex in United States, 1990–2019

	Incidence			Deaths			DALYs
	Estimated Number in 2019	Age-Standardized Rate in 2019 (per 100,000 People)*	Percentage Change in Age-Standardized Rates, 1990–2019	Estimated Number in 2019	Age-Standardized Rate in 2019 (per 100,000 People)	Percentage Change in Age-Standardized Rates, 1990–2019	Estimated Number in 2019	Age-Standardized Rate in 2019 (per 100,000 People)	Percentage Change in Age-Standardized Rates, 1990–2019
Respiratory Infections and Tuberculosis
Male	494,945,101 (448,777,432 to 551,465,553)	329,277 (293,405 to 369,916)	−0.5% (−1.8 to 0.8)	39,675 (36,144 to 41,879)	16.1 (14.7 to 17.0)	−47.7% (−49.4 to −45.8)	845,153 (761,313 to 956,730)	424.2 (370.5 to 499.2)	−39.7% (−43.1 to −35.7)
Female	533,798,694 (485,281,140 to 594,615,352)	350,450 (312,739 to 394,590)	−0.2% (−1.5 to 1.0)	43,342 (36,775 to 47,075)	11.8 (10.3 to 12.6)	−34.2% (−36.5 to −31.3)	802,155 (701,099 to 920,658)	352.9 (298.3 to 429.5)	−25.6% (−29.3 to −22.0)
Both	1,028,743,795 (933,829,695 to 1,143,729,579)	339,703 (303,184 to 382,354)	−0.3% (−1.3 to 0.6)	83,016 (73,276 to 88,516)	13.6 (12.2 to 14.4)	−40.2% (−41.9 to −38.2)	1,647,308 (1,465,795 to 1,874,359)	384.9 (330.6 to 458.6)	−32.5% (−35.9 to −28.7)
Tuberculosis
Male	5035 (4344 to 5854)	2.7 (2.3 to 3.1)	−71.8% (−73.8 to −69.8)	601 (553 to 633)	0.249 (0.229 to 0.263)	−76.5% (−77.8 to −75.2)	15,651 (14,459 to 16,829)	7.1 (6.6 to 7.7)	−76.2% (−77.6 to −74.8)
Female	3073 (2608 to 3627)	1.6 (1.4 to 1.9)	−73.4% (−75.2 to −71.5)	377 (335 to 411)	0.125 (0.113 to 0.135)	−73.7% (−76.4 to −71.6)	9381 (8473 to 10,320)	4.0 (3.6 to 4.5)	−72.4% (−75.2 to −70.0)
Both	8108 (6988 to 9474)	2.1 (1.8 to 2.5)	−72.1% (−73.9 to −70.3)	978 (901 to 1036)	0.181 (0.168 to 0.191)	−74.9% (−76.4 to −73.3)	25,031 (23,162 to 27,041)	5.5 (5.0 to 6.0)	−74.6% (−76.2 to −73.0)
Lower respiratory infections
Male	6,209,350 (5,815,050 to 6,633,286)	3655 (3367 to 3958)	−17.5% (−20.4 to −14.2)	39,008 (35,524 to 41,183)	15.9 (14.5 to 16.7)	−46.6% (−48.4 to −44.7)	635,850 (604,039 to 660,414)	286.6 (273.2 to 296.8)	−46.7% (−48.3 to −45.0)
Female	7,411,648 (6,925,434 to 7,892,692)	4028 (3723 to 4352)	−6.1% (−8.7 to −3.1)	42,913 (36,390 to 46,621)	11.6 (10.2 to 12.4)	−33.0% (−35.4 to −30.0)	592,844 (537,497 to 625,570)	215.4 (200.9 to 224.2)	−33.2% (−35.4 to −30.8)
Both	13,620,998 (12,780,019 to 14,515,465)	3838 (3549 to 4147)	−11.7% (−14.2 to −8.7)	81,921 (72,236 to 87,404)	13.4 (12.0 to 14.2)	−38.9% (−40.7 to −36.9)	1,228,694 (1,142,113 to 1,282,287)	247.6 (233.8 to 256.1)	−40.0% (−41.6 to −38.3)
Upper respiratory infections
Male	483,926,726 (437,192,058 to 539,963,038)	321,356 (286,020 to 361,808)	−0.1% (−1.4 to 1.2)	51 (48 to 55)	0.030 (0.028 to 0.033)	−59.2% (−62.4 to −54.0)	166,761 (102,336 to 256,997)	111.9 (67.9 to 172.5)	−2.3% (−4.2 to −0.6)
Female	521,378,523 (472,394,822 to 582,252,858)	342,087 (304,025 to 386,165)	0.0% (−1.2 to 1.2)	38 (34 to 41)	0.018 (0.017 to 0.019)	−64.3% (−67.4 to −60.9)	176,682 (107,420 to 271,133)	117.3 (71.2 to 182.3)	−1.6% (−3.4 to −0.2)
Both	1,005,305,250 (910,633,203 to 1,118,926,978)	331,560 (294,985 to 373,553)	0.0% (−0.9 to 0.8)	89 (83 to 94)	0.024 (0.023 to 0.026)	−61.3% (−64.0 to −58.3)	343,443 (209,755 to 526,980)	114.5 (69.4 to 177.0)	−1.9% (−3.4 to −0.8)
Otitis media
Male	4,803,989 (3,797,422 to 6,071,414)	4264 (3271 to 5516)	−12.1% (−28.4 to 14.0)	15 (13 to 16)	0.008 (0.007 to 0.008)	−70.9% (−73.8 to −67.2)	26,891 (15,724 to 44,130)	18.6 (10.7 to 30.5)	−12.2% (−17.6 to −7.2)
Female	5,005,450 (4,118,488 to 6,134,667)	4334 (3421 to 5469)	−12.1% (−28.0 to 11.8)	14 (12 to 15)	0.006 (0.005 to 0.006)	−70.4% (−72.9 to −67.9)	23,248 (13,462 to 37,534)	16.2 (9.3 to 26.6)	−12.6% (−18.0 to −7.3)
Both	9,809,439 (7,915,459 to 12,205,509)	4302 (3347 to 5493)	−12.1% (−28.5 to 12.7)	29 (26 to 31)	0.007 (0.006 to 0.007)	−70.7% (−73.2 to −67.7)	50,140 (29,242 to 81,361)	17.4 (10.0 to 28.5)	−12.3% (−17.0 to −8.0)

Notes: Data in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals; *Since each person could have more than one incident event of respiratory infection annually, the age-standardized incidence rate of RIT in 2019 (per 100,000 people) can be higher than 100,000.

Abbreviations: DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; CI, confidence intervals.

Figure 1 Age-standardized incidence (A) and death rate (B) of RIT by cause and age group, 2019.

Abbreviation: RIT, respiratory infection and tuberculosis.

Figure 2 RIT burden for each state in the US. (A) Age-standardized incidence rate of RIT in 2019. (B) Age-standardized death rate of RIT in 2019. (C) Change in age-standardized incidence rates of RIT, 1990–2019. (D) Change in age-standardized death rates of RIT, 1990–2019.

Abbreviation: RIT, respiratory infection and tuberculosis.

Figure 3 Age-standardized death rate of RIT across US states in 2019 (A) and its percentage change from 1990 to 2019 (B) by socio-demographic index.

Abbreviation: RIT, Respiratory infection and tuberculosis.

Figure 4 Percentage contributions of major risk factors to RIT age-standardized deaths by gender, 2019.

Abbreviation: RIT, respiratory infection and tuberculosis.