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Original Research

Nausea During Pregnancy and Timing of Pubertal Development in Sons and Daughters: A Population-Based Cohort Study

, , , ORCID Icon &
Pages 895-905 | Published online: 01 Oct 2021

Figures & data

Table 1 Background Characteristics According to Nausea in the First Trimester for Children in the Puberty Cohort (n = 14,612), Denmark

Figure 1 Flowchart of participants in the Puberty Cohort, Denmark, 2012–2018.

Figure 1 Flowchart of participants in the Puberty Cohort, Denmark, 2012–2018.

Table 2 Mean Age Difference for Overall Pubertal Timing, The Puberty Cohort (n =14,612), Denmark, 2012–2018a

Figure 2 (A) Age difference in timing of puberty among sons in relation to maternal nausea in first trimester, the Puberty Cohort, Denmark. Estimated age difference in age at attaining pubertal milestones with 95% confidence interval with women not experiencing nausea during pregnancy as the reference and adjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal parity, maternal age at delivery, maternal menarche age, smoking status and highest educational class of parents. (B) Age difference in timing of puberty among daughters in relation to maternal nausea in first trimester, the Puberty Cohort, Denmark. Estimated age difference in age at attaining pubertal milestones with 95% confidence interval with women not experiencing nausea during pregnancy as the reference and adjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal parity, maternal age at delivery, maternal menarche age, smoking status and highest educational class of parents.

Abbreviations: Tanner B2–5, Tanner Breast stage 2–5; Tanner PH2–5, Tanner Pubic Hair stage 2–5.
Figure 2 (A) Age difference in timing of puberty among sons in relation to maternal nausea in first trimester, the Puberty Cohort, Denmark. Estimated age difference in age at attaining pubertal milestones with 95% confidence interval with women not experiencing nausea during pregnancy as the reference and adjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal parity, maternal age at delivery, maternal menarche age, smoking status and highest educational class of parents. (B) Age difference in timing of puberty among daughters in relation to maternal nausea in first trimester, the Puberty Cohort, Denmark. Estimated age difference in age at attaining pubertal milestones with 95% confidence interval with women not experiencing nausea during pregnancy as the reference and adjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal parity, maternal age at delivery, maternal menarche age, smoking status and highest educational class of parents.