Prognostic value and clinical significance of long noncoding RNA CASC2 in human malignancies: a meta-analysis

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the meta-analysis (n=8)

Study	Year	Cancer type	Tumor stage	Sample size	Cutoff value	Laboratory method	PT	Follow-up months	Survival analysis	Outcome measures	HR (95% CI)	HR estimation method	NOS
Zhou et al^Citation18	2017	GC	I–IV	69	Median	qRT-PCR	No	70	Univariate	OS	0.37 (0.15–0.94)	Indirectly	7
Yu et al^Citation21	2017	Pancreatic cancer	I–IV	110	Median	qRT-PCR	NA	48	Univariate, multivariate	OS	0.409 (0.241–0.691)	Directly	8
Xiong et al^Citation22	2017	Thyroid carcinoma	I–IV	86	Mean	qRT-PCR	No	32	Univariate, multivariate	OS	0.105 (0.011–1.045)	Directly	8
Wang et al^Citation23	2017	Glioma	I–IV	47	Median	qRT-PCR	No	60	Univariate, multivariate	OS	0.316 (0.170–0.536)	Directly	8
Wang et al^Citation24	2017	Lung adenocacinoma	I–IV	63	Median	qRT-PCR	No	60	Univariate	OS	0.45 (0.24–0.83)	Indirectly	7
Wang et al^Citation25	2017	HCC	I–IV	75	Median	qRT-PCR	No	36	Univariate	OS, DFS	OS: 0.40 (0.21–0.77)	Indirectly	7
Liao et al^Citation26	2017	Glioma	I–IV	57	Median	qRT-PCR	NA	36	Univariate, multivariate	OS	0.530 (0.285–0.985)	Directly	8
He et al^Citation14	2016	NSCLC	I–IV	76	Median	qRT-PCR	No	60	Univariate, multivariate	OS	0.27 (0.99–0.768)	Directly	8

Abbreviations: GC, gastric cancer; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NSCLC, nonsmall cell–lung cancer; PT, preoperative treatment; NA, not available; OS, overall survival; DFS, disease-free survival; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; qRT-PCR, quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.

Figure 1 Flowchart of the study search and selection in this meta-analysis.

Table 2 Results of subgroup analysis of the pooled HRs of overall survival of patients with increased long noncoding CASC2 expression

Subgroup analysis	No. of studies	No. of patients	Pooled HR (95% CI)	Heterogeneity
				I^2 (%)	p-value
Total	8	663	0.437 (0.345–0.554)	0	0.509
Cancer type
Digestive system cancer	3	254	0.399 (0.275–0.580)	0	0.983
Nondigestive system cancer	5	409	0.464 (0.343–0.630)	31.7	0.210
Sample size
Number <74	4	236	0.410 (0.296–0.568)	0	0.663
Number ≥74	4	427	0.470 (0.333–0.661)	31.3	0.225
Follow-up months
≥60	4	255	0.448 (0.322–0.623)	29.1	0.238
<60	4	408	0.426 (0.304–0.597)	0	0.575
HR estimation method
Indirectly	3	207	0.414 (0.277–0.620)	0	0.933
Directly	5	456	0.450 (0.336–0.602)	33.6	0.198

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CASC2, cancer susceptibility candidate 2.

Figure 2 Forest plot for the association of CASC2 expression with overall survival of human malignancies.

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CASC2, cancer susceptibility candidate 2.

Figure 3 Forest plots of the subgroup analyses evaluating HRs of CASC2 for overall survival by the factors of cancer type (A), sample size (B), follow-up months (C), and HR estimation method (D).

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CASC2, cancer susceptibility candidate 2.

Figure 4 Sensitivity analysis of the effect of the individual study on the pooled HRs for the correlation between CASC2 and overall survival.

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CASC2, cancer susceptibility candidate 2.

Figure 5 Meta-analysis of the independent role of CASC2 in overall survival.

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; CASC2, cancer susceptibility candidate 2.

Table 3 Results of the association of CASC2 expression with clinicopathological features

Clinicopathological features	No. of studies	Pooled OR (95% CI)	p-value	Heterogeneity
				I^2 (%)	p-value
Glioma
Age (≥45 vs <45 years)	2	0.813 (0.425–1.555)	0.797	0	0.531
Gender (male vs female)	2	1.059 (0.558–2.011)	0.712	0	0.860
Tumor stage (III–IV vs I–II)	2	2.126 (1.032–4.378)	0.041	0	0.936
HCC
Age (≥50 vs <50 years)	2	1.023 (0.579–1.808)	0.938	0	0.843
Gender (male vs female)	2	0.940 (0.557–1.587)	0.816	0	0.864
Tumor number (multiple vs single)	2	1.453 (0.574–3.679)	0.431	22.40	0.257
Tumor size (≥5 vs <5 cm)	2	1.394 (0.755–2.574)	0.288	0	0.869
TNM stage (III–IV vs I–II)	2	1.955 (0.581–6.576)	0.279	61.40	0.107
AFP (ng/mL) (≥400 vs <400)	2	1.319 (0.716–2.431)	0.374	0	0.394
HBV (yes vs no)	2	1.059 (0.622–1.804)	0.832	0	0.640
Lung cancer
Gender (male vs female)	2	1.017 (0.559–1.849)	0.956	0	0.485
TNM stage (III–IV vs I–II)	2	1.881 (0.960–3.688)	0.066	0	0.873
Lymph node metastasis (positive vs negative)	2	1.300 (0.740–2.285)	0.361	0	0.541
Tumor size (≥3 vs <3 cm)	2	1.660 (0.939–2.935)	0.081	0	0.450

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; TNM, tumor-node metastasis; AFP, α-fetoprotein; HBV, hepatitis B virus; CASC2, cancer susceptibility candidate 2.

Figure 6 Begg’s funnel plot of publication bias.

Abbreviations: SE, standard error; Lnhr, natural logarithm of hazards ratio.

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