Metabolic syndrome and the risk of cholangiocarcinoma: a hospital-based case–control study in China

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of CCA cases and controls

Characteristics	CCA, N=303 (%)	ICC, N=I36 (%)	ECC, N = I67 (%)	Controls, N=606 (%)	P-value
Age (years)
60	136 (44.9)	67 (49.3)	69 (41.3)	268 (44.3)	0.970
>60	167 (55.1)	69 (50.7)	98 (58.7)	338 (45.7)
Sex
Female	135 (44.6)	75 (55.1)	60 (35.9)	273 (45.1)	0.983
Male	168 (55.4)	61 (44.6)	107 (64.1)	333 (54.9)
Infectious diseases
HBV	31 (10.2)	26 (19.1)	5 (3.0)	26 (4.3)	<0.001
HCV	7 (2.3)	5 (3.7)	2 (1.2)	8 (1.3)	0.693
Cholecystolithiasis	54 (17.8)	29 (21.3)	25 (15.0)	31 (5.1)	<0.001
Choledocholithiasis/hepatolithiasis	25 (8.3)	19 (13.9)	6 (3.6)	30 (0.5)	0.042
Cirrhosis	19 (6.3)	17 (12.5)	2 (1.2)	28 (4.7)	<0.001
Fatty liver disease	28 (9.2)	11 (8.1)	17 (10.2)	21 (3.4)	<0.001
Alcohol intake	76 (25.1)	31 (22.8)	45 (26.9)	88 (14.5)	<0.001
Smoking	111 (36.6)	42 (30.9)	69 (41.3)	105 (17.3)	<0.001
Metabolic conditions
Diabetes mellitus	51 (16.8)	34 (25.2)	11 (6.6)	41 (6.8)	<0.001
Dyslipoproteinemia	105 (34.7)	56 (41.2)	49 (29.3)	108 (17.9)	<0.001
Hypertension	92 (30.4)	35 (25.7)	57 (34.1)	86 (14.2)	<0.001
Obesity	62 (20.5)	30 (22.1)	32 (19.2)	71 (11.7)	0.001
Metabolic syndrome (overall)	74 (24.4)	39 (28.7)	35 (21.0)	79 (13.1)	0.001

Abbreviations: CCA, cholangiocarcinoma; ECC, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Table 2 Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for each CCA subtype

Variables	CCA, N=303		ICC, N=136		ECC, N= 167
	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value	OR (95% CI)	P-value
Infectious diseases
HBV	2.63 (1.54, 4.51)a	<0.001	5.27 (2.95, 9.42)a	<0.001	0.69 (0.26, 1.82)	0.452
HCV	1.25 (0.41, 3.87)	0.693	2.85 (0.92, 8.86)	0.070	0.91 (0.19, 4.31)	0.901
Cholecystolithiasis	4.02 (2.52, 6.41)a	<0.001	5.03 (2.91, 8.69)a	<0.001	3.26 (1.86, 3.70)a	<0.001
Choledocholithiasis/hepatolithiasis	1.73 (1.01, 2.99)a	0.042	3.12 (1.69, 5.73)a	<0.001	3.72 (1.19, 11.71)	0.024
Cirrhosis	1.38 (0.76, 2.52)	0.291	2.94 (1.56, 5.56)a	0.001	0.25 (0.06, 1.06)	0.250
Fatty liver disease	2.83 (1.58, 5.08)a	<0.001	2.45 (1.15, 5.21)a	<0.001	3.15 (1.62, 6.13)a	0.001
Alcohol intake	2.01 (1.42, 2.83)a	<0.001	1.74 (1.10, 2.75)a	0.019	2.17 (1.44, 3.27)a	<0.001
Smoking	2.76 (2.01, 3.78)a	<0.001	2.13 (1.40, 3.25)a	<0.001	3.35 (2.31,4.87)a	<0.001
Metabolic conditions
Diabetes mellitus	2.79 (1.80, 4.32)a	<0.001	4.59 (2.78, 7.58)a	<0.001	0.97 (0.49, 1.94)	0.935
Dyslipoproteinemia	2.39 (1.75, 3.27)a	<0.001	3.16 (2.12, 4.71)a	<0.001	1.87 (1.27, 2.77)a	0.002
Hypertension	2.64 (1.89, 3.69)a	<0.001	2.06 (1.32, 3.21)a	<0.001	3.09 (2.09, 4.58)a	<0.001
Obesity	1.94 (1.33, 2.82)a	0.001	2.13 (1.32, 3.43)a	0.002	1.78 (1.13, 2.82)a	0.013
Metabolic syndrome (overall)	1.86 (1.29, 2.66)a	0.001	2.68 (1.72, 4.16)a	<0.001	1.79 (1.15, 2.79)a	0.009

Note:

a Adjusting for age and sex.

Abbreviations: CCA, cholangiocarcinoma; ECC, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.