Competing risk analysis of primary tracheal carcinoma based on SEER database

Figures & data

Figure 1 Patient enrollment and exclusion process of in the SEER database.

Abbreviation: SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results.

Table 1 Characteristics and demographics of patients with primary tracheal carcinoma

Prognostic factors	Classification	All (%)	Death due to tracheal tumor (%)
n		485	159
Age		Mean 63.13; median 64; range 0–93	Mean 65.61; median 67; range 16–93
Race
	White	383 (78.97)	126 (79.25)
	Black	59 (12.16)	19 (11.95)
	API	43 (8.87)	14 (8.81)
Sex
	Male	292 (60.21)	105 (66.04)
	Female	193 (39.79)	54 (33.96)
DC
	PH	458 (94.43)	146 (91.82)
	PEC	27 (5.57)	13 (8.18)
Histology
	SCC	238 (49.07)	78 (49.06)
	ACC	97 (20.00)	41 (25.79)
	OC	150 (30.93)	40 (25.16)
Pathology grade
	I	41 (8.45)	7 (4.40)
	II	121 (24.95)	41 (25.79)
	III	109 (22.47)	38 (23.90)
	IV	15 (3.09)	3 (1.89)
	Unknown	199 (41.03)	70 (44.03)
Extension
	Loc	235 (48.45)	53 (33.33)
	RE	185 (38.14)	80 (50.31)
	Unknown	65 (13.40)	26 (16.35)
Lymph node
	None	299 (61.65)	65 (40.88)
	RN	110 (22.68)	61 (38.36)
	Unknown	76 (15.67)	33 (20.75)
Metastasis
	None	363 (74.85)	93 (58.49)
	DM	63 (12.99)	41 (25.79)
	Unknown	59 (12.16)	25 (15.72)
MP
	No	294 (60.62)	150 (94.34)
	Yes	191 (39.38)	9 (5.66)
PS
	No	248 (51.13)	109 (68.55)
	Yes	237 (48.87)	50 (31.45)
LND
	No	428 (88.25)	147 (92.45)
	Yes	57 (11.75)	12 (7.55)

Abbreviations: ACC, adenoid cystic carcinoma; API, Asian or Pacific Islander; DC, diagnostic confirmation; DM, distant metastasis; LND, lymph node dissection; Loc, localized; MP, multiple primary tumors; OC, other carcinoma; PEC, positive exfoliative cytology, no positive histology; PH, positive histology; PS, primary site surgery; RE, regional extension; RN, regional lymph node; SCC, squamous carcinoma.

Table 2 Univariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with primary tracheal carcinoma

Prognostic factors	Classification	Gray’s test	P-value	12-month CIF	24-month CIF	60-month CIF
Age		113.6400	0.0010
Race		0.0899	0.9561
	White			0.2351	0.2977	0.3471
	Black			0.1930	0.2722	0.2959
	API			0.1940	0.3038	0.3669
Sex		3.8442	0.0499
	Male			0.2553	0.3254	0.3809
	Female			0.1826	0.2490	0.2862
DC		3.9284	0.0475
	PH			0.2155	0.2862	0.3338
	PEC			0.4074	0.4444	0.4868
Histology		4.4850	0.1062
	SCC			0.2219	0.2885	0.3314
	ACC			0.2851	0.3766	0.4499
	OC			0.1947	0.2503	0.2849
Pathology grade		7.1940	0.1260
	I			0.0732	0.1285	0.1961
	II			0.2290	0.3058	0.3649
	III			0.2456	0.3304	0.3694
	IV			0.0722	0.0722	0.2579
	Unknown			0.2574	0.3210	0.3515
Extension		21.9100	0.0000
	Loc			0.1332	0.1922	0.2385
	RE			0.3140	0.3871	0.4535
	Unknown			0.3118	0.3925	0.3925
Lymph node		53.9690	0.0000
	None			0.1362	0.1823	0.2235
	RN			0.3985	0.5056	0.6050
	Unknown			0.3326	0.4269	0.4269
Metastasis		56.1694	0.0000
	None			0.1587	0.2157	0.2669
	DM			0.5222	0.6173	0.6988
	Unknown			0.3260	0.4311	0.4311
MP		116.6110	0.0000
	No			0.3646	0.4739	0.5389
	Yes			0.0115	0.0178	0.0399
PS		33.9550	0.0000
	No			0.3286	0.4107	0.4626
	Yes			0.1198	0.1740	0.2178
LND		5.2820	0.0215
	No			0.2495	0.3164	0.3615
	Yes			0.0539	0.1360	0.2047

Abbreviations: ACC, adenoid cystic carcinoma; API, Asian or Pacific Islander; CIF, cumulative incidence function; DC, diagnostic confirmation; DM, distant metastasis; LND, lymph node dissection; Loc, localized; MP, multiple primary tumors; OC, other carcinoma; PEC, positive exfoliative cytology, no positive histology; PH, positive histology; PS, primary site surgery; RE, regional extension; RN, regional lymph node; SCC, squamous carcinoma.

Figure 2 Multivariate analysis for prognostic factors.

Note: (A) Metastasis; (B) multiple primary tumors; (C) lymph node; and (D) primary site surgery.

Abbreviations: CIF, cumulative incidence function; DM, distant metastasis; RN, regional lymph node.

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in patients with primary tracheal carcinoma

Prognostic factors	Classification	Coef	Exp(coef)	SE (coef)	z	P-value	95% CI
Age		0.0431	1.0440	0.0091	4.72	0.0000	1.0255–1.0630
Age.t		–0.0014	0.9987	0.0007	–1.91	0.0560	0.9973–1.0000
Age.t^Citation2		0.0000	1.0000	0.0000	1.47	0.1400	1.0000–1.0000
MP		χ^2=69.2, P=0.0000
	Yes	–2.9000	0.0548	0.3490	–8.32	0.0000	0.0276–0.1090
PS		χ^2=15.2, P=0.0001
	Yes	–0.6870	0.5033	0.1760	–3.90	0.0001	0.3565–0.7110
Lymph node		χ^2=19.1, P=0.0001
	RN	0.8610	2.3650	0.1980	4.34	0.0000	1.6031–3.4890
	Unknown	0.3850	1.4701	0.2890	1.34	0.1800	0.8350–2.5880
Metastasis		χ^2=6.6, P=0.037
	DM	0.5370	1.7104	0.2100	2.56	0.0100	1.1342–2.5790
	Unknown	0.2100	1.2333	0.3180	0.66	0.5100	0.6618–2.2980

Abbreviations: DM, distant metastasis; MP, multiple primary tumors; PS, primary site surgery; RN, regional lymph node.

BehringerDKönemannSHeckerETreatment approaches to primary tracheal cancerThorac Surg Clin2014241737624295662

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