The prognostic value of pretreatment Glasgow Prognostic Score in patients with esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow diagram of the literature review.

Table 1 Basic characteristics of all studies included

First author	Publishing year	Country	Study period	Study design	Sample size	Gender (F/M)	Pathology type	Treatment	Follow up (months) Median	TNM	Types of outcomes	GPS value (0/1/2)	Source of HR	NOS score
Liu et al^Citation4	2015	China	2006–2008	ROS	326	43/283	SCC	Surg (+CT/RT)	45	NR	CSS	187/97/42	R	6
Liu et al^Citation5	2016	China	2004–2010	ROS	260	43/217	SCC	Surg	40.5 (2–91)	I-IV	OS/DFS	220/39/1	R	6
Okuno et al^Citation6	2017	Japan	2000–2006	RCT	131	12/119	SCC	CT+RT	NR	II-IV	OS	56/48/27	R	6
Vashist et al^Citation11	2011	Germany	1994–2007	ROS	424	NR	SCC/AC	Surg	NR	I-IV	OS/DFS	229/148/47	R	6
Wang et al^Citation16	2012	Taiwan, China	2002–2007	ROS	271	10/261	SCC/AC	Mixed	30 (5–81)	I-IV	OS	NA	R	6
Kimura et al^Citation17	2016	Japan	2002–2011	ROS	142	11/131	SCC	CT+RT	NR	III-IV	CSS	72/42/28	R	6
Hirahara et al^Citation18	2015	Japan	2006–2014	ROS	141	14/127	SCC	Surg	NR	I-III	OS	109/23/9	R	6
Lindenman et al^Citation19	2017	Austria	2003–2011	ROS	167	24/143	SCC/AC	Surg	23	NR	OS	118/41/8	R	7
Feng et al^Citation20	2014	China	2005–2008	ROS	493	73/420	SCC	Surg	45	NR	CSS	316/121/56	R	8
Toyokawa et al^Citation21	2016	Japan	2000–2014	ROS	185	33/152	SCC	Surg	81.5	I-IV	OS	171/13/1	R	7
Xu et al^Citation22	2015	China	2000–2010	ROS	468	52/416	SCC	Surg	49.9	I-III	OS	336/101/31	R	6
Lindenmann et al^Citation23	2014	Austria	1999–2010	ROS	214	33/181	SCC/AC	CT+RT	NR	III-IV	OS	88/95/31	E	6
Ohira et al^Citation24	2015	Japan	2000–2013	ROS	91	17/74	SCC	Mixed	NR	T4	OS	40/37/14	R	6
Kobayashi et al^Citation25	2008	Japan	2000–2007	ROS	48	9/39	SCC	NCRT+ Surg	NR	II-III	CSS	27/16/5	R	6
Matsuda et al^Citation26	2015	Japan	2004–2012	ROS	199	19/180	SCC/AC/Other	Surg (+NCT/NCRT)	28.5	I-IV	OS/DFS	180/17/2	R	7
Ma et al^Citation27	2016	China	2006–2010	ROS	725	186/539	SCC	Surg	28	I-III	OS	616/100/9	R	7
Jomrich et al^Citation28	2017	Austria	2003–2014	ROS	279	NR	SCC/AC	Mixed	NR	I-IV	OS/DFS	207/58/14	R	6
Tan et al^Citation29	2017	China	2008–2010	ROS	1135	247/888	SCC	Surg	NR	NR	OS	NR	R	7
Yu et al^Citation30	2018	China	2005–2012	ROS	160	55/105	SCC	Surg (+CT)	71.8	I	OS	74/86 (0/1–2)	R	8
Kunizaki et al^Citation31	2017	Japan	2007–2014	ROS	116	18/98	SCC	Mixed	36	I-IV	OS	93/23 (0/1–2)	R	6
Kitagawa et al^Citation32	2017	Japan	2005–2016	ROS	140	28/112	SCC/AC/Other	Mixed	36.6	I-IV	OS/CSS	123/15/2	R	7

Abbreviations: F, female; M, male; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis; GPS, Glasgow Prognostic Score; HR, hazard ratio; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; ROS, retrospective observational study; RCT, randomized controlled trial; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; AC, adenocarcinoma; Surg, Surgery; CT, chemotherapy; RT, radiotherapy; CRT, chemoradiotherapy; NCT, neoadjuvant chemotherapy; NCRT, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy; CSS, cancer specific survival; OS, overall survival; DFS, disease free survival; R, reported; E, estimated; NR, not reported.

Figure 2 Forest plot of the association between GPS and overall survival.

Figure 3 Forest plot of the association between GPS and cancer-specific survival.

Figure 4 Forest plot of the association between GPS and disease-free survival.

Table 2 Summary of HRs for the overall and subgroup analyses of GPS and esophageal cancer

Analysis		No. of studies	HR (95% CI)	P-value	I^2 (%)
Overall survival		17	2.12 (1.83–2.45)	<0.001	25.9
Ethnic	China	6	1.84 (1.41–2.39)	<0.001	3.8
Japan	7	2.06 (1.59–2.66)	<0.001	0.0
Sample size	Non-Asian	4	2.42 (1.61–3.65)	<0.001	58.6
	≥200	8	2.12 (1.76–2.55)	<0.001	46.2
<200	9	2.12 (1.69–2.67)	<0.001	6.8
Pathology	SCC	10	1.87 (1.55–2.26)	<0.001	0.0
	SCC+AC+(Other)	7	2.54 (2.02–3.19)	<0.001	31.1
Source of GPS	GPS=2	7	2.30 (1.86–2.84)	<0.001	44.4
GPS≥1	10	1.97 (1.62–2.41)	<0.001	7.8
Treatment	Surgery	10	1.95 (1.58–2.40)	<0.001	13.3
NOS	Chemoradiotherapy	2	2.81 (1.37–5.76)	0.005	76.1
	≥7	7	1.85 (1.45–2.35)	<0.001	34.1
<7	10	2.29 (1.91–2.75)	<0.001	14.4
Cancer specific survival		5	2.16 (1.56–2.98)	<0.001	73.2
Disease-free survival		4	2.14 (1.00–4.61)	0.051	60.9

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; GPS, CI, confidence interval; Glasgow Prognostic Score; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; AC, adenocarcinoma; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Figure 5 Sensitivity analysis of the association between GPS and overall survival.

Figure 6 Begg’s funnel plot of the association between GPS and overall survival.

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