Predictors of Resilience Among Parents of Children with Cancer: Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Parent’s Children with Cancer at Jimma Medical Center, Oromia, Ethiopia, February 25, 2012 to April 25, 2020 (n=122)

Variables	Frequency	Percentage
Parent’s gender
Mother	66	54.1
Father	56	45.9
Place of residence
Urban	35	29.5
Rural	87	70.5
Mothers’ employment status
House wife	31	25.4
Self employed	70	57.4
Government employed	19	15.6
Unemployed	2	1.6
Fathers’ employment status
Self employed	85	69.7
Government employed	37	30.3
Mothers educational level
Cannot read and write	63	51.6
Primary	30	24.6
Secondary	11	9.0
Diploma and above	18	14.8
Fathers educational level
Cannot read and write	38	31.1
Primary	41	33.6
Secondary	18	14.8
Diploma and above	25	20.5
Marital status
Married	113	92.6
Divorced	8	6.6
Widowed	1	0.8
Religion
Orthodox	26	21.3
Muslim	71	58.2
Protestant	23	18.9
Catholic	2	1.6
Support from family
Yes	104	85.2
No	18	14.8
Support from friends
Yes	38	31.1
No	84	68.9
From significant others
Yes	59	48.4
No	61	51.6

Table 2 Child Health Related, Parents Behavioral and Service-Related Characteristics at Jimma Medical Center, Oromia, Ethiopia, February 25, 2020 to April 25, 2020 (n=122)

Variables	Frequency	Percentage
Child’s Gender
Male	79	64.8
Female	43	35.2
History of relapse
Yes	30	24.6
No	92	75.4
Number of children in the household
One	15	12.3
Greater than one	107	87.7
Type of malignancy
Leukemia	59	48.4
Lymphoma	26	21.3
Abdominal tumor	16	13.1
Musculoskeletal tumor	12	9.8
Ocular tumor	5	4.1
Other	4	3.3
Attend at recreational activities
Yes	6	4.9
No	116	95.1
Contact with religious leaders
Yes	69	56.6
No	53	43.4
Received health information from health care provider
Yes	92	75.4
No	30	24.6
Type of treatment
Chemotherapy	76	62.3
Surgery	1	0.8
Both	45	36.9

Figure 1 Psychological predictors for parent’s of children with cancer at Jimma medical center, Oromia, Ethiopia, February 25, 2012 to April 25, 2020 (n=122).

Table 3 The Frequency Distribution of Level of Resilience Among Parents’ Children with Cancer at Jimma Medical Center, Oromia, Ethiopia, February 25, 2020 to April 25, 2020 (n=122)

Measuring Items	Not True at All N (%)	Rarely True N (%)	Sometimes True N (%)	Often True N (%)	True Nearly N (%)	Mean± SD
Able to adapt to change	12(9.8)	36(29.5)	35(28.7)	37(30.3)	2(1.6)	1.84±1.02
Close and secure relationships	5(4.1)	27(22.1)	37(30.3)	41(33.6)	12(9.8)	2.23±1.03
Sometimes fate or God can help	1(0.8)	9(7.4)	19(15.6)	16(13.1)	77(63.1)	3.30±1.03
Can deal with whatever comes	1(0.8)	19(15.6)	50(41.0)	43(35.2)	9(7.4)	2.33±0.85
Past success gives confidence for new challenge	4(3.3)	30(24.6)	43(35.2)	41(33.6)	4(3.3)	2.09±0.91
See the humorous side of things	33(27)	28(23.0)	39(32.0)	22(18)	0(0.0)	1.41± 1.07
Coping with stress strengthens	8(0.6)	36(29.5)	43(35.2)	34(27.9)	1(0.8)	1.87± 0.92
Tend to bounce back after illness or hardship	26(21.3)	33(27.0)	44(36.1)	18(14.8)	1(0.8)	1.47±1.01
Things happen for a reason	8(6.6)	24(19.7)	33(27)	26(21.3)	31(25.4)	2.39±1.24
Best effort no matter what	1(0.8%)	18(13.1)	42(34.4)	56(45.9)	7(5.7)	2.43± 0.82
You can achieve your goals	4(3.3)	33(27.0)	30(24.6)	37(30.3)	28(14.0)	2.26± 1.11
When things look hopeless, I do not give up	5(4.1)	24(19.7)	33(27.0)	42(34.4)	18(14.8)	2.36± 1.08
Know where to turn for help	2(1.6)	10(8.2)	29(23.8)	40(32.8)	41(33.6)	2.89± 1.02
Under pressure, focus and think clearly	17(13.9)	23(18.9)	27(22.1)	38(31.1)	17(13.9)	2.12± 1.27
Prefer to take the lead in problem solving	38(31.1)	34(27.9)	34(27.9)	13(10.7)	3(2.5)	1.25± 1.08
Not easily discouraged by failure	38(31.1)	36(29.5)	31(25.4)	17(13.9)	0(0.0)	1.22± 1.04
Think of self as strong person	46(37.7)	31(25.4)	31(25.4)	11(9.0)	3(2.5)	1.13± 1.09
Make unpopular or difficult decisions	50(41)	38(31.1)	22(18.0)	111(9.0)	1(0.8)	0.98± 1.01
Can handle unpleasant feelings	6(4.9)	36(29.5)	56(45.1)	23(18.9)	2(1.6)	1.83± 0.85
Have to act on a hunch	2(1.6)	30(24.6)	37(30.3)	46(37.7)	7(5.7)	2.20± 0.93
Strong sense of purpose	9(7.4)	20(16.4)	35(28.7)	39(32.0)	19(15.6)	2.32± 1.14
In control of your life	28(23.0)	11(9.0)	28(23.0)	30(24.6)	25(20.5)	2.11±1.43
I like challenge	24(19.7)	26(21.3)	18(14.5)	25(20.5)	29(23.8)	2.07±1.47
You work to attain your goals	4(3.3)	14(11.5)	30(24.6)	36(29.5)	38(31.1)	2.74±1.11
Pride in your achievements	5(4.1)	24(19.7)	24(19.7)	29(23.8)	40(32.8)	2.61±1.12
Parents’ resilience (over all Mean)						51.4±12.1

Table 4 Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Predicting Parents’ Resilience at JMC, Oromia, February, 25, 2020 to April 25, 2020 (n=122)

Predictors	Crud Unstandardized ß 95% CI of β	Adjusted Unstandardized ß 95% CI of β
Gender
Mother	−5.57(−9.79, −1.34) **	−0.515(−4.48, 3.45)
Father	1.00	1.00
Educational status of mother
Cannot read and write	1.00	1.00
Primary	1.69(−3.61, 6.92)	2.84(−1.02,6.71)
Secondary	6.08(−1.69,13.83) *	4.7(−1.24, 10.75)
Diploma and above	−2.23(−8.58,4.12)	−0.49(−6.78, 5.79)
Mother employment
House wife	−6.67(−11.65, −1.69) *	−3.09(−7.74,1.55)
Government employed	1.67(−4.31,7.65)	1.58(−3.73,6.89)
Self-employed	1.00	1.00
Support from friends
Yes	7.42(2.94,11.9)	6.6(2.96, 10.37) **
No	1.00	1.00
Support from family
Yes	4.27(−1.78,10.33) *	1.144 (−4.03,6.32)
No	1.00	1.00
Malignancy
Lymphoma	−5.529(−10.81, −0.25) **	−0.84(−6.06, 4.39)
Abdominal tumor	−10.52(−16.88, −4.17) **	−2.7(−7.804, 2.46)
Leukemia	1.00	1.00
Depression	−1.5(−2.14, −0.92) **	−0.83(−1.62, −0.03) **
Anxiety	−0.82(−1.46, −0.17) **	−0.16(−0.95, 0.62)
Stress	−1.12(−1.71, −0.53) **	−0.88(−1.54, −0.23) **
Treatment duration	0.25(−0.14,0.65) *	0.08(−0.27, 0.44)
Treatment Type
Chemotherapy and surgery	−5.39(−9.81–0.98)	5.8(−14.14, 25.81)
Chemotherapy	1.00	1.00
Health information from HCP
Yes	10.12(5.44, 14.86)	6.377 (1.754, 11) **
No	1.00	1.00
Attend recreational activities
Yes	6.27(−3.67,16.22) *	13.8(5.32, 22.37) **
No	1.00	1.00

Notes: Constant=58.9, R=0.674, R Square =0.454, Adjusted R Square=0.426; **Significant at p value <0.05, * Significance value <0.25. Dependent variable: Parent resilience. Max VIF 2.01 (no Multi-collinearity: VIF <10).