Gut Microbiota: A Potential Target for Cancer Interventions

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Trials Assessing Intervention in Cancer by Modifying the Gut Microbiota

Title	Start and End Dates	Status	Condition	Estimated Enrollment	Intervention	Location
Preventing Toxicity in Renal Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy Using Fecal Microbiota Transplantation	January 2020- November 2028	Recruiting	Renal cell carcinoma	20	FMT	London Regional Cancer Program of the Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) Capsule for Improving the Efficacy of Anti-PD-1	January 2020- December 2021	Recruiting	Gastrointestinal system cancer	10	FMT capsule	Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
Fecal Microbiota Transplant and Pembrolizumab for Men With Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer	October 2019- October 2023	Recruiting	Prostate cancer (metastatic)	32	FMT	VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
A Single Dose FMT Infusion as an Adjunct to Keytruda for Metastatic Mesothelioma	September 2018- December 2018	Completed	Mesothelioma	1	FMT	ProgenaBiome, Ventura, CA, USA
Prebiotics and Probiotics During Definitive Treatment With Chemotherapy-radiotherapy SCC of the Anal Canal (BISQUIT)	March 2019-February 2024	Recruiting	Anal cancer (squamous cell)	75	Dietary supplement: prebiotics in combination with probiotics	AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
Effect of Probiotics Supplementation on the Side Effects of Radiation Therapy Among Colorectal Cancer Patients	November 2018- December 2022	Recruiting	Colorectal cancer	40	Dietary supplement: probiotic formula capsule	King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
Engineering Gut Microbiome to Target Breast Cancer	October 2017- May 2020	Completed	Breast cancer	7	Dietary supplement: probiotic	Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
Mixture of Prebiotics on Intestinal Microbiota of Patients Receiving Abdominal Radiotherapy	June 2005- December 2007	Completed	Endometrial neoplasms	40	Dietary supplement: inulin; fructo oligosaccharide; maltodextrin	Nutrition Unit. Hospital General Universitario, Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Steroid Resistant/Dependent Acute GI GVHD	December 2018- December 2022	Recruiting	Hematopoietic and lymphoid cell neoplasm	30	Biological: FMT	Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China

Abbreviations: CRC, colorectal cancer; SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids; F. prausnitzii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii; F. nucleatum, Fusobacterium nucleatum; E. faecalis, Enterococcus faecalis; GC, gastric cancer; P. micra, Parvimonas micra; PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; B. fragilis, Bacteroides fragilis; ROS, reactive oxygen species; CagA, cytotoxin-associated gene A; E. coli, Escherichia coli; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; ETBF, enterotoxigenic B. fragilis; BFT, B. fragilis toxin; CECs, colic epithelial cells; IL-17R, interleukin-17 receptor; CXCL1, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1; Th17, T-helper 17; HR+, hormone receptor-positive; TLR, toll-like receptor; TIGIT, T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains; CEACAM1, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1; Treg, regulatory T; MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells; acetylCoA, acetyl-coenzyme A; H2S, hydrogen sulfide; ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; TUDCA, tauroursodeoxycholic acid; FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation; 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; IPA, indole-3-propionic acid; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; anti-CTLA-4, anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; anti-PD-L1, anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1.