Concurrence of Gastric Cancer and Incidental Pulmonary Embolism May Be a Prognostic Factor for Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients with Incidental Pulmonary Embolism

Figures & data

Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of Gastric Cancer Patients with IPE (n = 90)

Characteristics	N (%)
Age at the diagnosis of IPE (years)	63.5 (39–90)
Age at the diagnosis of gastric cancer (years)	63.1 (37–90)
Male sex	62 (68.8)
Smoking history	34 (38.2)
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	22.6 ± 3.1
TNM stage
I–II	9(10)
III–IV	81(90)
Grade
I	7 (7.7)
II	23 (25.5)
III	52 (57.7)
Unknown	8 (8.8)
Lauren classification
Intestinal	31(34.4)
Diffuse	59(65.6)
Lymph node metastasis
N0-N1	3(3.3)
N2-N3	87(96.7)
Previous VTE	5 (5.5)
D-dimer (mg/L)	8.4 ± 5.5
Localisation of pulmonary embolism
Central pulmonary embolism	23 (25.5)
Lobar pulmonary embolism	21 (23.3)
Peripheral pulmonary embolism	46 (51.1)
Concurrent group	19 (21.1)
Underwent chemotherapy	42 (46.6)
Number of chemotherapy cycles	3.2 (1–12)
Underwent surgery	11 (12.2)
Underwent targeted therapy	30(33.3)
Anticoagulation therapy	58 (64.4)
LMWH	52 (89.65)
LMWH + warfarin	4 (6.8)
Urokinase	2(3.4)
Length of anticoagulation therapy
≤ 3 months	46 (79.3)
> 3 months	12 (20.6)
Time interval from the diagnosis of gastric cancer to the diagnosis of IPE (days)	74 (4–868)
Survival after the diagnosis of IPE (days)	290 (10–2269)
Survival after the diagnosis of gastric cancer (days)	500 (10–2360)

Note: Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median [interquartile range], or n (%).

Abbreviations: IPE, incidental pulmonary embolism; VTE, venous thromboembolism; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin.

Table 2 Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of Clinicopathologic Factors Associated with the Survival of Advanced Gastric Cancer Patients with IPE

Variable	OS
	Univariate			Multivariate
	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value
Age(>65 years/≤65 years)	1.170	0.77–2.02	0.575
Gender	0.196	0.37–1.31	0.262
Localisation of pulmonary embolism	0.652	0.47–0.91	0.01	0.812	0.56–1.19	0.280
TNM stage	3.64	0.89–15.1	0.073
Grade	0.914	0.74–1.14	0.418
Lauren classification	1.073	0.62–1.87	0.83
Lymph node metastasis	0.594	0.14–2.45	0.472
Concurrent group	2.174	1.21–4.22	0.022	1.937	0.97–3.86	0.06
Anticoagulation therapy	0.435	0.51–1.57	0.003	0.490	0.25–0.95	0.034

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; IPE, incidental pulmonary embolism.

Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier plots of survival based on the localisation of the pulmonary embolism (A), administration of anticoagulation therapy (B), and concurrent or sequential diagnosis of incidental pulmonary embolism (C).

Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier plots of survival in patients receiving anticoagulation therapy based on the duration of anticoagulation therapy (A) and in patients with peripheral pulmonary embolisms based on administration of anticoagulation therapy (B).