Ketogenic Diets and their Therapeutic Potential on Breast Cancer: A Systemic Review

Figures & data

Table 1 The Clinical Trials Studies Assessing a Ketogenic Diet as Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer

Design	Participants	Interventions	Follow-Up (Duration)	Outcomes	References
RCT	518 women patients with metastatic Her-2 negative breast cancer (n=259 on Ketogenic diet + irinotecan combined treatment and n= 259 on irinotecan monotherapy + normal diet as a control group)	Ketogenic-Diet	The follow up was before drug administration, during treatment, 4 weeks after treatment completion, and every 3 months (beginning 2 months after treatment completion)	In this trial, the ketogenic diet does not enhance the sensitivity of such patients to irinotecan therapy and does not affect target-lesion remission	Yan Wang et al., 2020^Citation37
Prospective cohort study	N= 63 (32 radiotherapy + KD and 31 on radiotherapy only as control groups)	Ketogenic-Diet	The median study duration (time from the start of radiotherapy until final measurement) was 35 days and 35 days in the SD group	In this clinical trial, a KD in a breast cancer population during radiotherapy improved body composition compared to control groups. and the KD intervention during radiotherapy was well accepted by the women who started it.	Rainer et al., 2020^Citation38
RCT	A total of 80 patients undergoing treatment with chemotherapy were randomly assigned to KD or control group for 12 weeks	Ketogenic diet	For 12 weeks.	KD in breast cancer patients has beneficial effects through decreasing TNF-α and insulin and increasing IL-10. And result in a better response through reductions in tumor size and downstaging in patients with locally advanced disease	Adeleh Khodabakhshi et al., 2020^Citation35

Figure 1 Pleiotropic mechanisms associated with the ketogenic diet and related tumor and patient outcomes.

Abbreviation: CHO, carbohydrate; HDAC, histone deacetylase; ROS, reactive oxygen specie.

Wang Y, Jing MX, Jiang L, et al. Does a ketogenic diet as an adjuvant therapy for drug treatment enhance chemotherapy sensitivity and reduce target lesions in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic Her-2-negative breast cancer? Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2020;21(1):487. PMID: 32503654; PMCID: PMC7275564. doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04429-532503654

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Klement RJ, Brehm N, Sweeney RA. Ketogenic diets in medical oncology: a systematic review with focus on clinical outcomes. Med Oncol. 2020;37(2):1–2. doi:10.1007/s12032-020-1337-2

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Khodabakhshi A, Akbari ME, Mirzaei HR, Seyfried TN, Kalamian M, Davoodi SH. Effects of Ketogenic metabolic therapy on patients with breast cancer: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr. 2021;40:751–758. PMID: 32703721. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.06.02832703721

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar