Survival and Predictors of Mortality among Breast Cancer Patients in Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Breast Cancer Patients in Northwest Ethiopia, 2015–2020

Covariates	Category	Frequency	Percent
Age (in years)	<40	89	18.46
	40–65	269	55.81
	>65	124	25.73
Religion	Muslim	85	17.63
	Orthodox	374	77.59
	Other	23	4.77
Marital status	Divorced	79	16.39
	Married	369	76.56
	Single	34	7.05
Residence	Rural	206	42.74
	Urban	276	57.26
Educational status	Illiterate	174	36.10
	Able to read and write	19	3.94
	Primary education	86	17.84
	Secondary education	118	24.48
	Diploma and above	85	17.63
Occupational status	Farmer	73	15.15
	Government employee	77	15.98
	Housewife	203	42.12
	Merchant	71	14.73
	Private employee	58	12.03
Menopausal status	Post-menopausal	295	61.20
	Pre-menopausal	187	38.80
Family history	No	393	81.54
	Yes	89	18.46
Stage of BC	Stage I	68	14.11
	Stage II	100	20.75
	Stage III	119	24.69
	Stage IV	195	40.46
Histology	Ductal	422	87.55
	Lobular	60	12.45
Tumor grade	Grade I	79	16.39
	Grade II	123	25.52
	Grade III	280	58.09
Nodal status	Negative	165	34.23
	Positive	317	65.77
Surgical therapy	No	247	51.24
	Yes	235	48.76
Distant-metastasis	Yes	150	31.12
	No	332	68.88
ACT	Good adherence	91	18.88
	No chemotherapy	100	20.75
	Poor adherence	291	60.37

Note: Other, Protestant and Catholic.

Abbreviations: ACT, adherence to chemotherapy; BC, breast cancer.

Table 2 Log Rank Test for Equality of Survival Function of Patients with Breast Cancer Diagnosed in Northwest Ethiopia, 2015–2020

Prognostic Factors	Category	Overall Survival (95% CI)		Observed Events	Expected Events	Log Rank Test
		After Two Years	After Five Years			X^2 (df)	Pr>X^2
All patients		54.24 (49.1–66.3)	25.8 (22.2–36.9)
Age (in years)	<40	52.23 (43.6–59.1)	22.1 (19.2–26.6)	52	59.28	5.04	0.0803
	40–65	51.4 (48.5–68.4)	21.2 (17.3–24)	186	194.94
	>65	47.9 (38–54)	20.8 (19.1–25)	94	77.79
Marital status	Divorced	52.79 (45.3–63.5)	24.3 (21.1–27)	46	57.41	3.2	0.2020
	Married	51 (46.1–55.3)	20.8 (18.2–22.2)	260	251.73
	Single	52.59 (40–66)	23.4 (17.2–30)	26	22.86
Menopausal status	Post-menopausal	51.33 (46.5–66.1)	21.7 (18.1–28.2)	188	205.73	4.33	0.0375
	Pre-menopausal	51.87 (36–65.7)	21.5 (19.1–33.7)	144	126.27
Stage of BC	Stage I	54.54 (45.3–69.2)	23.5 (19.3–27.8)	68	52.39	9.12	0.0278
	Stage II	53 (38.6–65)	22.5 (18.4–27.3)	88	81.20
	Stage III	50.9 (35.9–62.7)	20.9 (19.8–30.2)	67	81.83
	Stage IV	46.4 (30.1–59.8)	20.6 (19.4–32.5)	109	116.59
Histology	Ductal	50.68 (38.1–62.1)	21.2 (18.2–32.1)	279	293.87	7.06	0.0079
	Lobular	51.4 (38.2–62.4)	22.7 (21.1–30)	53	38.13
Tumor grade	Grade I	52.2 (44.2–69.4)	21.3 (17.2–33.8)	77	54.59	19.1	0.0001
	Grade II	51.5 (39.7–61)	20.9 (19.2–29.1)	106	93.22
	Grade III	50.4 (36.9–58.3)	20.2 (16.1–30.9)	149	184.19
Nodal status	Negative	44.3 (29.7–54.8)	21.8 (15.8–33.5)	159	98.90	56.45	0.0006
	Positive	45.2 (35.7–63.1)	20.5 (18.1–32.7)	173	233.10
Surgical therapy	Yes	48(33.5–53.1)	22.8 (11.4–29.8)	217	187.52	11.61	0.0007
	No	50.9 (41.8–68.4)	21.6 (15.2–33.9)	115	144.48
ATC	Good adherence	49.9 (35.5–58.7)	21.4 (17.3–25.8)	77	58.8	8.08	0.0176
	No chemotherapy	55 (47.7–63.6)	22.5 (16.4–27.6)	85	84.38
	Poor adherence	50.4 (38.4–63.2)	22.3 (16.1–36.6)	170	188.82

Abbreviations: ACT, adherence to chemotherapy; BC, breast cancer.

Figure 1 Plot of the overall estimate of Kaplan–Meier survivor function of breast cancer patients in Northwest Ethiopia, 2015–2020.

Figure 2 Kaplan–Meier survival estimates of patients with breast cancer diagnosed by age groups in Northwest Ethiopia, 2015–2020.

Table 3 Multivariable Cox Regression Analysis Model for Survival of Breast Cancer Patients Diagnosed in Northwest Ethiopia, 2015–2020

Covariates	Category	AHR (95% CI)	p-value
Age(in years)	<40	1
	40–65	1.7 (1.19, 2.43)	0.003
	>65	2.04 (1.36, 3.05)	0.001
Marital status	Divorced	1
	Married	1.1 (0.8, 1.53)	0.55
	Single	1.28 (0.78, 2.12)	0.33
Menopausal status	Post-menopausal	1
	Pre-menopausal	1.33 (1.03, 1.72)	0.025
Stage of BC	Stage I	1
	Stage II	1.56 (1.09, 3.42)	0.041
	Stage III	1.75 (1.24, 3.45)	0.025
	Stage IV	1.82 (1.52, 3.62)	0.03
Histology	Ductal	1
	Lobular	0.95 (0.7, 1.32)	0.746
Tumor grade	Grade I	1
	Grade II	0.93 (0.62, 1.4)	0.720
	Grade III	0.76 (0.48, 1.22)	0.261
Surgical therapy	No	1
	Yes	0.69 (0.54, 0.89)	0.004
Nodal status	Negative	1
	Positive	0.85 (0.62, 1.05)	0.122
ACT	Good adherence	1
	No chemotherapy	0.85 (0.61, 1.19)	0.356
	Poor adherence	0.95 (0.67, 1.35)	0.778

Abbreviations: ACT, adherence to chemotherapy; BC, breast cancer.