Validity and Reliability of the Amharic Version of EORTC-QLQ-CR29 Among Colorectal Cancer Patients in Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, 2020

Variable	Category	Frequency (n = 158)	Percent (%)
Sex	Men	83	52.5
	Women	75	47.5
Educational status	No formal education	51	32.3
	Primary education	35	22.2
	Secondary education	27	17.1
	College and above	45	28.5
Occupation	Farmer	11	7
	Employed	51	32.3
	Housewife	51	32.3
	Retired	11	7
	Student	19	12
	Merchant	15	9.5
Region	Addis Ababa	102	64.6
	Oromia	27	17.1
	Amhara	17	10.8
	Others*	12	7.5
Marital status	Married	100	63.3
	Single	28	17.7
	Divorced	13	8.2
	Widowed	17	10.8
Age	18–45	132	41.8
	46–65	170	53.8
	>65	14	4.4

Notes: *Others = Tigray; Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’; and Dire Dawa.

Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of Respondents in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, 2020

Variables	Category	Frequency (n = 158)	Percent (%)
Cancer site	Colon	73	46.2
	Rectum	85	53.8
Type of treatment	Chemotherapy only	78	49.4
	Surgery and radiotherapy only	16	10.1
	Chemotherapy and surgery only	34	21.5
	Chemotherapy and radiotherapy only	17	10.8
	CSR	12	7.6
	Radiotherapy only	1	0.6
Treatment intent	Curative	38	24.1
	Palliative	120	75.9
Cancer stage	Stage I	7	4.4
	Stage II	24	15.2
	Stage III	13	8.2
	Stage IV	114	72.2

Abbreviation: CSR, chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy.

Table 3 Cronbach’s Alpha Values of EORTC-QLQ-CR29 Scales in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, 2020

Scale Name	Number of Items	Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficients
Urinary Frequency	2	0.91
Mucus and Blood in Stool	2	0.47
Body Image	3	0.70
Stool Frequency	2	0.85

Table 4 Construct Validity for EORTC-QLQ-CR29 Scales in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, 2020

Scale	Item Numbers	Item-Own Scale Correlation	Item-Own Scale Correlation After Correction Overlap	Item-Other Scale Correlation	P-value
Urinary Frequency	31, 32	0.94–0.96	0.81	−0.33–0.34	<0.001
Blood and Mucus in Stool	38, 39	0.74–0.79	0.24	−0.31–0.35	<0.001
Stool Frequency	52, 53	0.92–0.93	0.73	−0.33–0.35	<0.001
Body Image	45–47	0.75–0.81	0.51–0.55	-(0.4–0.19)	<0.001

Table 5 The Correlation Between the Core EORTC QLQ and CR 29 Scales in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, 2020

	PF	RF	PA	FA	NV	CF	EF	SF	QoL
Urinary Frequency	−0.04	−0.01	−0.01	0.01	0.01	0.11	−0.23^b	−0.02^a	0.12
Urinary Incontinence	−0.24^b	−0.24^b	0.17^a	0.17^a	0.14	−0.23^b	−0.21^b	−0.39^b	0.09
Dysuria	−0.275^b	−0.34^b	0.30^b	0.24^b	0.43^b	−0.210^b	−0.33^b	−0.32^b	−0.13
Abdominal Pain	−0.14	−0.10	0.38^b	0.36^b	0.24^b	−0.14	−0.08	−0.04	0.07
Buttock Pain	−0.13	−0.19^a	0.09	0.02	0.24^b	0.10	−0.14	−0.19^a	−0.19^a
Bloating	−0.27^b	−0.23^b	0.21^b	0.25^b	0.17^a	−0.19^a	−0.31^b	−0.15	0.09
Blood and Mucus in Stool	−0.17^a	−0.10	0.24^b	0.35^b	0.18^a	−0.35^b	−0.17^a	−0.13	0.26^b
Dry Mouth	−0.30^b	−0.12	0.20^a	0.33^b	0.02	−0.25^b	−0.21^b	−0.17^a	0.25^b
Hair Loss	−0.35^b	−0.27^b	0.36^b	0.30^b	0.38^b	−0.36^b	−0.09	−0.20^a	0.04
Taste	−0.31^b	−0.32^b	0.40^b	0.44^b	0.32^b	−0.31^b	−0.06	−0.19^a	−0.03
Anxiety	0.29^b	0.26^b	−0.02	−0.05	−0.01	−0.07	0.33^b	0.23^b	0.10
Weight	0.31^b	0.24^b	−0.11	−0.15	−0.21^b	0.21^b	0.32^b	0.333^b	−0.05
Body Image	0.45^b	0.26^b	−0.30^b	−0.29^b	−0.22^b	0.25^b	0.58^b	0.30^b	0.00
Flatulence	−0.41^b	−0.31^b	0.37^b	0.11	0.35^b	−0.45^b	−0.12	−0.28^b	0.15
Faecal Incontinence	−0.32^b	−0.43^b	0.29^b	0.17^a	0.30^b	−0.39^b	−0.34^b	−0.34^b	0.04
Sore Skin	−0.20^a	−0.37^b	0.28^b	0.04	0.37^b	−0.11	−0.33^b	−0.239^b	0.08
Stool Frequency	−0.23^b	−0.31^b	0.17^a	0.11	0.18^a	0.06	−0.38^b	−0.14	−0.07
Embarrassment	−0.12	−0.16^a	0.03	0.09	0.08	0.06	−0.31^b	−0.11	0.10
Stoma Care Problem	−0.15	−0.12	0.03	−0.08	−0.03	0.07	−0.26^b	−0.14	−0.07
Sexual Interest Men	−0.14	−0.11	0.05	0.11	0.03	0.04	0.02	−0.16^a	−0.12
Impotence	0.03	0.15	−0.09	−0.08	−0.17^a	−0.02	−0.04	0.02	0.15
Sexual Interest Women	−0.09	−0.08	0.06	−0.09	−0.14	−0.04	−0.06	0.00	0.17^a
Dyspareunia	0.08	0.11	−0.07	0.07	0.11	0.01	0.05	−0.06	−0.12

Notes: ^bCorrelation is significant at the 0.05 level, ^aCorrelation is significant at the 0.01 level.

Abbreviations: PF, physical function; RF, role function; PA, pain; FA, fatigue; NV, nausea and vomiting; CF, cognitive function; EF, emotional function; SF, social function; QoL, quality of life.

Table 6 Known-Groups Comparison: Scales and Items in the EORTC-QLQ-CR29 for Clinically-Distinct Groups in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, 2020

CR-29	Treatment Mean Rank Value			Presence of Stoma			Physical Function
	Curative	Palliative	P value	Yes	No	P value	Worse	Better	p-value
	n = 38	n = 120		n = 60	N = 98		n = 79	n = 79
BI	76.03	80.60	0.84	79.01	79.80	0.92	66.99	92.01	<0.001
AN	78.25	79.90	1.00	65.95	87.80	0.002	74.37	84.63	0.13
WET	76.22	80.54	0.99	80.73	78.74	0.78	73.11	85.89	0.07
SXM	34.65	44.33	0.10	47.27	38.70	0.87	16.67	45.67	0.25
SXW	36.28	38.54	0.64	39.18	37.30	0.49	43.13	31.81	0.07
UFR	79.53	79.49	1.00	89.78	73.21	0.02	80.06	78.94	0.87
BM	82.18	78.65	0.99	69.50	85.6	0.02	84.40	74.60	0.15
STF	78.59	79.79	0.98	86.78	75.04	0.11	83.23	75.77	0.30
URI	82.92	78.42	0.97	82.53	33.33	0.49	82.09	76.91	0.45
DY S	87.25	77.05	0.80	77.85	80.51	0.70	89.18	69.82	0.00
ABP	79.08	79.63	1.00	69.20	85.81	0.02	88.94	70.06	0.01
BTP	74.57	81.06	0.86	84.89	76.20	0.23	82.50	76.50	0.39
BLO	76.63	80.41	1.00	75.12	82.18	0.30	88.21	70.79	0.01
DRM	75.83	80.66	0.87	80.37	78.97	0.84	91.20	67.80	<0.001
HRL	87.16	77.08	0.60	66.35	87.55	<0.001	93.04	65.96	<0.001
TAT	75.39	80.80	0.99	68.37	86.32	0.01	90.32	68.68	<0.001
FLU	76.59	80.42	0.99	89.68	73.27	0.02	95.54	63.46	<0.001
FEI	74.55	81.07	1.00	88.01	74.29	0.05	87.53	71.47	0.02
SOS	77.55	80.12	0.96	80.12	79.12	0.89	84.40	74.60	0.16
EMB	83.78	78.15	0.96	108.25	61.90	<0.001	82.70	76.30	0.34
SCR	34.19	29.48	0.47	NA	NA	NA	35.05	25.95	0.03
IMP	35.58	44.04	0.16	48.77	37.75	0.16	45.12	39.37	0.12
DYS	43.47	36.27	0.64	34.91	39.84	0.37	35.57	40.93	0.23

Abbreviations: BI, body image; AN, anxiety; WET, weight; SXM, sexual interest (men); SXF, sexual interest (women); UFR, urinary frequency; BM, blood and mucus in stool; STF, stool frequency; URI, urinary incontinence; DYS, dysuria; ABP, abdominal pain; BTP, buttock pain; BLO, bloating; DRM, dry mouth; HRL, hair loss; TAT, taste; FLU, flatulence; FEI, faecal incontinence; SOS, sore skin; EMB, embarrassment; SCR, stoma care problem; IMP, impotence; DYP, dyspareunia; NA, not applicable.